Graphene aerogels (GAs) offer a distinctive combination of high porosity, low density, large specific surface area and high compressibility, which make it grab considerable attention in various applications, in particular for high performance electromagnetic wave attenuation. The internal porous structure and three-dimensional (3D) network of GAs solve the phenomenon of graphene sheet layer agglomeration, high conductivity and impedance mismatch in two-dimensional graphene, which is conducive to the improvement of microwave absorption performance. In addition, GAs incorporate other lossy materials as a framework have been widely studied to achieve more efficient microwave absorption. Herein, the latest advances in the synthetic strategies and structural characteristics of graphene-based materials are reviewed. Furthermore, we summarized recent advances in graphene-based aerogels as microwave absorbing materials, including pure GAs and hybrid aerogels with other lossy materials. In addition, we also highlighted the multifunctional microwave absorbing materials. On this basis, we summarized the research status of graphene-based microwave absorbing aerogels and put forward the challenges and outlook of graphene-based microwave absorbing aerogels.

A review of three-dimensional graphene-based aerogels: Synthesis, structure and application for microwave absorption

Reasonable nanostructure design and composition are conducive to the electromagnetic wave (EM) absorption behavior of absorbers. Herein, Fe3O4@C/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites with layered structure were fabricated by a feasible solvothermal method. By adjusting the amount of graphene oxide (GO), different dielectric characteristics and impedance matching conditions of Fe3O4@C/rGO nanocomposites could be obtained. Moreover, with amorphous carbon as the matching layer, Fe3O4 and rGO provide strong magnetic loss and dielectric loss, respectively. The results exhibit that Fe3O4@C/rGO nanocomposites own salient EM absorption properties under the combined action of various components and three-level layered structure. In addition, the Fe3O4@C/rGO-20 nanocomposites (the addition of GO is 20 mg) are endowed with the best EM absorption performance, which demonstrates a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of −59.23 dB at 6.24 GHz with a sample thickness of 3.57 mm and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 6.72 GHz. Moreover, the widest EAB is 8.24 GHz at a thinner thickness of 2.6 mm with the RL value of −25.80 dB at 14 GHz. This work could be a reference for lightweight, broadband, strong absorption composite absorber.

In situ deposition of pitaya-like Fe3O4@C magnetic microspheres on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for electromagnetic wave absorber

In situ construction of hierarchical core–shell Fe3O4@C nanoparticles–helical carbon nanocoil hybrid composites for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

3D cross-linked graphene or/and MXene based nanomaterials for electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding

• The porphyra-derived porous carbon (PPC) was fabricated via facile procedures of low temperature pre-carbonization combined with KOH chemical activation. • The porosity of PPC can be readily regulated by adjusting activation temperature. • The hierarchically porous carbon exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performances. A highly efficient absorber with features including lightweight, broad bandwidth, and tunable electromagnetic property still remains challenging for practical applications. Herein, the Porphyra - derived porous carbon (PPC) was fabricated via facile procedures of low-temperature pre-carbonization combined with KOH chemical activation. The composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the samples were elucidated based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer−Emmer−Teller (BET), and vector network analyzer (VNA). The porosity of PPC can be readily regulated by adjusting activation temperature. The PPC obtained at 750 °C was composed of a three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon network. The C and N elements of natural Porphyra were introduced into the carbon skeleton during the carbonization process. The large specific surface, dopants, and three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon network can effectively improve the impedance matching and dielectric dissipation, leading to an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Especially, the optimal reflection loss (RL) value reached –57.75 dB at 9.68 GHz with a broad bandwidth (RL < –10 dB) value of 7.60 GHz at 3.5 mm. Overall, the results indicate that the PPC can provide a new way to achieve lightweight, effective, and sustainable absorbers. 

Hierarchically porous carbon derived from natural Porphyra for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption

The 3D hierarchically porous reduced graphene oxide/cornstalk activated carbon/Fe3O4 (RGO/AC/Fe3O4) composite was synthesized by a simple mixing process combined with heat treatment process. AC could facilitate the formation of 3D network and the good dispersion of fillers in the composite. The well-constructed 3D hierarchically porous microstructure due to the introduction of AC was beneficial for good synergistic effect and multiple transmission-absorption mechanism. With 5% mass fraction of RGO/AC/Fe3O4 in paraffin wax, the minimum RL value reached −34.78 dB at 11.90 GHz, and the absorption bandwidth (RL

Synthesis of RGO/AC/Fe3O4 composite having 3D hierarchically porous morphology for high effective electromagnetic wave absorption

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Synthesis of RGO/AC/Fe3O4 composite having 3D hierarchically porous morphology for high effective electromagnetic wave absorption