Ultrasound-assisted enzyme extraction and properties of Shatian pomelo peel polysaccharide.

This study aims at investigating the potential targets and functional mechanisms of Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma (QLYD) against atherosclerosis (AS) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. The compositions of QLYD were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and literature, where the main active components of QLYD and corresponding targets were identified. The potential therapeutic targets of AS were excavated using the OMIM database, DrugBank database, DisGeNET database, CTD database and GEO datasets. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets was constructed and visualized by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to analyze the function of core targets in the PPI network. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDockTools, AutoDock Vina, and PyMOL software to verify the correlation between the main components of QLYD and the core targets. Mouse AS model was established and the results of network pharmacology were verified by in vivo experiments. Totally 49 active components and 225 corresponding targets of QLYD were obtained, where 68 common targets were identified by intersecting with AS-related targets. Five hub genes including IL6, VEGFA, AKT1, TNF, and IL1B were screened from the PPI network. GO functional analysis reported that these targets had associations mainly with cellular response to oxidative stress, regulation of inflammatory response, epithelial cell apoptotic process, and blood coagulation. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that these targets were correlated to AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Results of molecular docking indicated good binding affinity of QLYD to FOS, AKT1, and TNF. Animal experiments showed that QLYD could inhibit inflammation, improve blood lipid levels and reduce plaque area in AS mice to prevent and treat AS. QLYD may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway to treat AS. 

Identification of bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of scutellariae radix-coptidis rhizoma in the treatment of atherosclerosis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Big-sized trees and higher species diversity improve water holding capacities of forests in northeast China.

Ultrasound has been widely used as a green and efficient non-thermal processing technique to assist with enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared with traditional enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic-pretreatment-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and enhance the biological activity of substrates. At present, this technology is mainly used for the extraction of bioactive substances and the degradation of biological macromolecules. This review is focused on the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis assisted by ultrasonic pretreatment, including the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the enzyme structure, substrate structure, enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics, and thermodynamics and the effects of the ultrasonic conditions on the enzymatic hydrolysis results. The development status of ultrasonic devices and the application of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis in the food industry are briefly described in this study. In the future, more attention should be paid to research on ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis devices to promote the expansion of production and improve production efficiency.

Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysis in Food Processing: Mechanism and Parameters

Afforestation is widely acknowledged as an effective approach for enhancing ecological conditions. Considering the challenging ecological environment on the Loess Plateau, prioritizing soil and water conservation functions in stands is crucial. The study aimed to ascertain the future development direction of forestry on the Loess Plateau by examining two representative forest types: planted forest (Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest and Pinus tabulaeformis pure forest), and natural secondary forest (a mixed forest of Quercus liaotungensis and Populus davidiana). The assessment centered on the soil and water conservation functions of the two forest types, encompassing the water conservation function (rainfall distribution and changes in multi-year soil moisture storage (0–200 cm)), soil conservation function (soil physicochemical properties), and understory plant diversity and stability. The results indicated that natural secondary forests outperformed planted forests in terms of water conservation function by effectively converting more precipitation into soil moisture, reducing runoff, and maintaining higher soil moisture storage. Additionally, natural secondary forests exhibited superior soil conservation functions compared to planted forests, characterized by higher soil porosity and nutrient properties. The variation in community structure between the shrub and herbaceous layers was more significant among different forests than within each forest (P < 0.05). Natural secondary forests exhibited higher understory shrub and herb biodiversity and interspecific repeatability compared to planted forests. Therefore, natural secondary forests are a more suitable forest type considering the natural conditions and silvicultural objectives of the Loess Plateau. To enhance the quality of afforestation, it is recommended to adopt near-natural planting patterns that replicate the environmental conditions of natural forests. For instance, actively creating mixed forests that emulate the tree species composition of natural forests and gradually reducing dependence on a single dominant tree species. Furthermore, the arborous and litter layers had a more direct and substantial influence on soil and water conservation functions compared to the shrub and herb layers. Foresters should prioritize regulating stand structure, such as increasing canopy variability, to enhance the water conservation function of stands. Additionally, they should actively protect the understory litter to fulfill its role in enhancing soil quality. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the implementation of vegetation restoration in ecologically vulnerable areas, such as the Loess Plateau. 

Disparities in soil and water conservation functions among different forest types and implications for afforestation on the Loess Plateau

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of Scutellaria baicalensis root polysaccharide and its hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities.

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=82185

Effects of plant species diversity, dominant species importance, and soil properties on glomalin-related soil protein

Tree diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal trees increase soil carbon sequestration and stability in 1-m soils as regulated by microbial CAZymes-coworking in high-latitude Northern Hemisphere forests

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=82011

Plant beta diversity and its influence factors in the Liangshui National Nature Reserve in the central region of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains

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