Meat and meat products are a fundamental part of the human diet. The protein and vitamin content, as well as essential fatty acids, gives them an appropriate composition to complete the nutritional requirements. However, meat constituents are susceptible to degradation processes. Among them, the most important, after microbial deterioration, are oxidative processes, which affect lipids, pigments, proteins and vitamins. During these reactions a sensory degradation of the product occurs, causing consumer rejection. In addition, there is a nutritional loss that leads to the formation of toxic substances, so the control of oxidative processes is of vital importance for the meat industry. Nonetheless, despite lipid oxidation being widely investigated for decades, the complex reactions involved in the process, as well as the different pathways and factors that influenced them, make that lipid oxidation mechanisms have not yet been completely understood. Thus, this article reviews the fundamental mechanisms of lipid oxidation, the most important oxidative reactions, the main factors that influence lipid oxidation, and the routine methods to measure compounds derived from lipid oxidation in meat.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/10/429/pdf

A Comprehensive Review on Lipid Oxidation in Meat and Meat Products.

Statistical Databases

The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health.

In recent years, great interest has been focused on using natural antioxidants in food products, due to studies indicating possible adverse effects that may be related to the consumption of synthetic antioxidants. A variety of plant materials are known to be natural sources of antioxidants, such as herbs, spices, seeds, fruits and vegetables. The interest in these natural components is not only due to their biological value, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from food by-products and under-exploited plant species. This article provides an overview of current knowledge on natural antioxidants: their sources, extraction methods and stabilization processes. In addition, recent studies on their applications in the food industry are also addressed; namely, as preservatives in different food products and in active films for packaging purposes and edible coatings.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4132/pdf

Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications.

Berries, especially members of several families, such as Rosaceae (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry), and Ericaceae (blueberry, cranberry), belong to the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds (BAC) They have delicious taste and flavor, have economic importance, and because of the antioxidant properties of BAC, they are of great interest also for nutritionists and food technologists due to the opportunity to use BAC as functional foods ingredients The bioactive compounds in berries contain mainly phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, and tannins) and ascorbic acid These compounds, either individually or combined, are responsible for various health benefits of berries, such as prevention of inflammation disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or protective effects to lower the risk of various cancers In this review bioactive compounds of commonly consumed berries are described, as well as the factors influencing their antioxidant capacity and their health benefits

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries

Electrotechnologies gained increased popularity as non-thermal processing of foods as they offer many advantages over conventional thermal processing. These technologies effectively inactivate microorganisms, enhance the processing efficacy at lower treatment intensity (e.g. pressing, pre-treatment for drying, extraction etc.) with preservation of nutritional, functional and sensory characteristics of processed foods. Moreover, these technologies can be applied for targeted and controlled enzymatic treatments. Structural and conformational changes under these treatments may influence enzymatic inactivation, but also activate enzymes or enhance their activity. Therefore, the enzyme characteristics and treatment conditions could be finely tuned toward desirable properties and effects in food production and processing.

Effects of electrotechnologies on enzymes in foods and food model systems

This research reviewed human meat consumption and highlighted associated history, challenges and benefits. Selected literature for the manuscript was from relevant titles and reliable international sources. From early times of the mankind meat consumption and animal husbandry were inseparable parts of living, and with similar consequences as dramatic influence on environment. Human need for meat consumption fueled development of large world markets with incredible trade, processing and consumption. This overconsumption has caused health problems associated with high intake of cholesterol and sodium chloride. Another problem with meat consumption is the use of additives in processed products. In modern time these problems are tackled by the use of additives from plants that have health benefits. Thermal processing is yet another problem with meat consumption that food industry and science addresses by non-thermal replacements (e. g. high-pressure processing and electrotechnologies). Recently, interesting alternatives for meat processing included 3D Printing that is able to engineer admirable meat products from by-products. However, this technology might need to employ enzymes such as transglutaminase, associated with potential health problems and misleading the customers. Unfortunately, fraudulent activities are common for meat products and it would be prudent to organize enforcement centers with at least police and analysts skilled in chemometrics and various laboratory techniques for food defense. It seems as humankind expands it will seek more proteins from plant, insects, unicellular biomass, and synthetic meat than from the animal origin, however all of the alternatives must be carefully evaluated against consumer acceptance, public health and environmental concerns.

https://www.meatjournal.ru/jour/article/download/198/260

Meat consumption: theory, practice and future prospects

The effect of Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) on the isolation of Polyphenols from Hawthorn

This study evaluates the quality of chilled squid Loligo vulgaris by non-destructive measurements of bioelectrical impedance from the first post-mortem day under controlled conditions. Squid samples were stored at 4.5 °C and 55% of relative humidity for 11 days. Impedance magnitude (|Z|) and phase (φ) at 200 frequencies (100Hz to 100MHz) were measured using an Agilent 4294A Precision Impedance Analyzer with needle-type multi-electrode array on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of storage. The changes in color, sensory properties, total volatile nitrogen, pH, and water holding capacity were also determined. The obtained results indicated that the samples could be classified into five to six distinctive groups by measuring the electrical parameters at frequencies close to 5MHz. In general, φ is less dependent on temperature and measurement setup than |Z|, while records at 5MHz correlate well with the days of storage (R2 = 0.968). The data imply that it is only possible to estimate the length of storage for the samples with measurements of phase angle, which can be useful for the development of new analytical instruments. Biosensors have a practical industrial application, as it is demonstrated that bioelectrical impedance data correlates well with the days of chilled storage.

Utilizing Impedance for Quality Assessment of European Squid (Loligo Vulgaris) during Chilled Storage.

Pressing of plum fruit in producing cloudy juices is difficult due to high amount of pectic substances in plum Maceration of pulp with enzymes is usual way to make pressing more effective but provided that no negative impact on juice quality and biological value eg antioxidant capacity (AC) Content of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds in juices are related with its AC so better extraction of these compounds from fruit to juice is of great importance to obtain juice with nice colour, health benefits and excellent sensory characteristics The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of enzyme concentration, maceration temperature and duration on the yield, content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, AC and sensory perception in producing cloudy juices Plum fruit (Prunus domestica L), cultivar Bistrica, was used to produce cloudy juices on small scale equipment Before pressing, fruits were pitted and treated with maceration enzymes in concentration of 100 or 140 ppm at 20 or 48oC for one or two hours (eight samples) Anthocyanins were determined by method based on bisulfite bleaching, total phenolics (TP) by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the AC by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and sensory evaluation by Quantitative descriptive method The higher yields were obtained with pre-treatments by 140 ppm of enzyme on 48oC during 1 and 2h, and also in the same juices the highest amount of TP was found In general, anthocyanin contents increased with enzyme concentration, temperature and duration Despite some exceptions increasing trend of AC with enzyme concentration and temperature of treatment was observed Sensory all juices were high evaluated without significant differences Enzyme treatment on 48oC/2h could be recommended to produce high quality cloudy plum juice due to high yield, high anthocyanin contents and total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and sensory evaluation

/pdf/influence-of-processing-on-yield-and-quality-of-cloudy-plum-485di9m080.pdf

Influence of Processing on Yield and Quality of Cloudy Plum Juices

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