Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics

Rule of law.

Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America

This article introduces a novel conceptualization of democratic resilience - a two-stage process where democracies avoid democratic declines altogether or avert democratic breakdown given that such autocratization is ongoing. Drawing on the Episodes of Regime Transformation (ERT) dataset, we find that democracies have had a high level of resilience to onset of autocratization since 1900. Nevertheless, democratic resilience has become substantially weaker since the end of the Cold War. Fifty-nine episodes of sustained and substantial declines in democratic practices have occurred since 1993, leading to the unprecedented breakdown of 36 democratic regimes. Ominously, we find that once autocratization begins, only one in five democracies manage to avert breakdown. We also analyse which factors are associated with each stage of democratic resilience. The results suggest that democracies are more resilient when strong judicial constraints on the executive are present and democratic institutions were strong in the past. Conversely and adding nuance to the literature, economic development is only associated with resilience to onset of autocratization, not to resilience against breakdown once autocratization has begun.

How democracies prevail: democratic resilience as a two-stage process.

ABSTRACT Why do voters vote for undemocratic politicians in a democracy? My chief contention is that affective polarization has become a primary factor driving support for undemocratic politicians. Once partisan identification turns into a salient identity in the hierarchy of group affiliations, it has the potential to widen inter-party distances. Such a political environment fosters positive beliefs of their preferred party and negative beliefs of the other party, which promote political cynicism, intolerance and increase partisan loyalty. As a result, crossing party lines becomes costly, even when incumbents violate democratic principles or incumbents’ economic policies do not appeal to supporters’ interests. This tradeoff enables undemocratic politicians to evade electoral sanctions for undemocratic behaviour. I created an extended version of Reiljan’s affective polarization application. The new dataset covers affective polarization scores of 53 countries calculated over 170 national election surveys. I find that increasing affective polarization is highly correlated with democratic backsliding, less accountability, less freedom, fewer rights, and less deliberation in democracies. However, ideological polarization has shown no correlation.

The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence

Resumen es: En el ano 1996 asistimos en Uruguay a una reforma de la Constitucion que significo cambios muy profundos en el viejo sistema electoral Este articulo ind

"juntos pero no casados": los efectos de la reforma constitucional al interior de los partidos

This paper inquires about the main characteristics of voting behavior in uruguayan national elections in 2009. Using a probit analysis based on an election poll it is found that government management, perception of economy and ideological issues play an important role in this election characterized by low volatility. These findings indicate strong party loyalties aggregated in "ideological families" as well as evaluative aspects about political and economic performance that determine the Uruguayan vote.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/op/v18n1/v18n1a10.pdf

Elecciones 2009 en Uruguay: permanencia de lealtades políticas y accountability electoral

Resumen: Aqui se analizan los efectos de las percepciones de los ciudadanos sobre la legitimidad de la democracia en America del Sur Terminado el proceso electoral, los ciudadanos que votan a un candidato perdedor, asi como quienes votan en blanco o anulan su voto, o no asisten a votar, tendrian menos incentivos que los ganadores para apoyar un regimen en el que las principales instituciones estan dirigidas por actores que no son sus preferidos Utilizando datos del Proyecto de Opinion Publica de America Latina 2008 (lapop, por sus siglas en ingles) para diez paises de la region, se estimaron dos modelos probit Se confirma que quienes quedan en el lugar de “perdedores” luego de las eleccio nes legitiman en menor medida la democracia que los ganadores, aunque esta relacion es mediada por variables politico-institucionales y actitudinales Palabras clave: legitimidad, democracia, cultura politica, perdedores, probit The “Losers’ Consent” and the Legitimacy of Democracy in Latin America

/pdf/el-consenso-de-los-perdedores-y-la-legitimidad-de-la-iy2gwvglnx.pdf

El “consenso de los perdedores” y la legitimidad de la democracia en América del Sur

Transparency scores in Uruguay have improved in the last fifteen years in both absolute and comparative terms. This paper argues that this change is the result of a long-run process of transformation in Uruguayan politics from competitive particularism to an open access regime. First, this paper briefly reviews the political and institutional changes that led governance in Uruguay to be based on universalistic norms. Next, it uses public opinion and elite survey data to provide descriptive evidence about citizen perceptions of levels of corruption. Third, the paper uses media data to explore the place that corruption held in the public agenda during the last fifteen years. Finally, using court records, it evaluates the efficacy of existing structures to punish abuses. These analyses help clarify the main features that lie behind the categorization of Uruguay as a contemporary achiever in terms of government transparency.

/pdf/corruption-and-politics-in-uruguay-3l5vbyqsah.pdf

Corruption and Politics in Uruguay

En las ultimas decadas, la Suprema Corte de Justicia (SCJ) de Uruguay ha estado en el centro de la escena politica a partir del au­mento de sentencias que declararon inconsti­tucionales un conjunto leyes importantes. Para comenzar a comprender el papel de este actor en el sistema politico uruguayo, el articulo analiza los alcances del poder formal de la SCJ, asi como sus instituciones informales y la re­lacion entre ambos. Los principales resultados indican que la SCJ tiene un diseno institucional que le confiere una autonomia media, pero una autoridad baja para intervenir de forma decisiva sobre disputas politicas significativas. Dicha configuracion es muy estable en com­paracion con las experiencias de los paises de la region. Ademas, las instituciones informales que guian la designacion de los miembros de la Corte refuerzan los niveles de autonomia, pero el entendimiento que los jueces tradicional­mente han tenido sobre su papel en el sistema politico potencia sus limitaciones en el plano de la autoridad. No obstante, se identifican algunos indicios de cambios en la concepcion del rol profesional de los jueces, que podrian estar ambientando un mayor protagonismo de la Corte en el escenario politico.

/pdf/la-suprema-corte-de-justicia-en-uruguay-entre-instituciones-51ct4g2cp7.pdf

La Suprema Corte de Justicia en Uruguay: entre instituciones formales e informales (1985-2018)

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Daniela Vairo

Author Tools

Chat about Author