Indoor location services often use Bluetooth low energy (BLE) devices for their low energy consumption and easy implementation. Applications like device monitoring, ranging, and asset tracking utilize the received signal strength (RSS) of the BLE signal to estimate the proximity of a device from the receiver. However, in multipath environments, RSS-based solutions may not provide an accurate estimation. In such environments, receivers with antenna arrays are used to calculate the difference in time of flight (ToF) and therefore calculate the direction of arrival (DoA) of the Bluetooth signal. Other techniques like triangulation have also been used, such as having multiple transmitters or receivers as a network of sensors. To find a lost item, devices like Tile© use an onboard beeper to notify users of their presence. In this paper, we present a system that uses a single-measurement device and describe the method of measurement to estimate the location of a BLE device using RSS. A BLE device is configured as an Eddystone beacon for periodic transmission of advertising packets with RSS information. We developed a smartphone application to read RSS information from the beacon, designed an algorithm to estimate the DoA, and used the phone’s internal sensors to evaluate the DoA with respect to true north. The proposed measurement method allows for asset tracking by iterative measurements that provide the direction of the beacon and take the user closer at every step. The receiver application is easily deployable on a smartphone, and the algorithm provides direction of the beacon within a 30° range, as suggested by the provided results.

Localization of a BLE Device Based on Single-Device RSSI and DOA Measurements

In this paper, an antenna system is presented for direction finding applications on a single plane (1D). The proposed system makes use of the Angle of Arrival (AoA) capabilities of BT 5.1 and is designed to be as small as possible. Novel antenna design ideas have been implemented to reduce size and counteract antenna interferences. The antenna design process is presented in detail along with antenna results. AoA measurements are taken outdoors and indoors with the proposed 1D system and a 2D system of previous work. The AoA results reveal the recommended azimuth range of the proposed 1D system to be −60 degrees to +60 degrees, where it can achieve a CDF of 50% at 5 degrees, 90% at 14 degrees, and 95% at 18 degrees of error indoors. The performance comparison with previous work is also presented in detail.

A Small-Sized Antenna System for Direction Finding Applications on a Single Plane (1D) Using BT 5.1

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the general quality of life (GQOL) of a large number of individuals, including those in the academic environment. This study investigated GQOL in a sample of 613 Romanian medicine students (81.57% were female; mean age = 21.40 ± 1.749 years) in relation to their Big Five personality characteristics, Perceived Stress and Fear of COVID-19. The study was conducted between June 2020 and March 2022. These variables were investigated with the Big Five Inventory-2: Extra-Short Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Statistical analysis included hierarchical linear regression and t-tests. The results indicated a significant direct relationship between GQOL and the personality traits of Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness. However, a significant inverse relationship was observed between GQOL and Perceived Stress and Neuroticism. Fear of COVID-19 was significantly higher in women, while no other socio-demographic variables were associated with GQOL. A total of 61.7% of the studied population returned to their original residency during the pandemic years. These results could be important for better understanding the vulnerability to significant epidemiological events in academic populations and for planning adequate preventive or interventional measures. 

Psychological Factors Associated with General Quality of Life in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Multicultural Sample of Romanian Medical Students

Accurate asset tracking and indoor localization (IL) is of interest in many applications including IoT sensing, shipping warehouse organization, and indoor navigation. Angle-based IL methods, such as angle-of-arrival (AOA), are known for their excellent accuracy. Moreover, their built-in support in the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) stack enables scalable and straight forward IL implementations. In this investigation, important considerations regarding the localization system parameters, including the number and location of anchor nodes, and tracked assets are explored.

Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Angle-of-Arrival-based Asset Localization in a Warehouse

Aim The COVID-19 pandemic represented a great disturbance for medical systems around the world, putting medical personnel on the front lines of the fight against the SARS-Cov2 virus. This fight was particularly impactful in countries with medical systems already facing various challenges, including Romania; where the pandemic unfolded in five waves that severely affected the psychological and physical well-being of medical professionals in terms of overload and continuous exposure to health threats. Against this background, our research aims to identify the mediating role of potential affecting factors of healthcare work sustainability during the change-related uncertainty conditions generated by the COVID 19 crisis. Dynamics and relations of nine carefully selected constructs were tracked along all five pandemic waves in Romania, which span from March 2020 to April 2022. The tested variables and constructs are perception of healthcare workers of their own state of health, their workplace safety, the work–family conflict, the satisfaction of basic needs, the work meaningfulness and work engagement, patient care, pandemic stress and burnout. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on an online snowball sampling of 738 health workers from 27 hospitals. Panel research is limited to a maximum of 61 respondents for two successive waves. The analytical part is built on means comparison of analysed variables between all five pandemic waves and an in-depth model to explain the relationships between the variables. Results The results indicate statistically significant correlations between the perception of health risks and all selected factors excluding patient care, which seems to be above the own health perception. The factors’ dynamics was followed along all five pandemic waves. The developed model identified that one’s health status satisfaction is a mediator of the family–work conflict and, together, of work engagement. In turn, work engagement plays a significant role in satisfying basic psychological needs and supporting work meaningfulness. Also, work meaningfulness influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Discussion Health workers with higher levels of positive perceived health are better at managing pandemic stress, burnout effects and work-family imbalances. Adaptive behaviors and attitudes towards COVID-19 pandemic threats could be identified in later pandemic waves due to the progress in terms of medical protocols and procedures.

/pdf/behind-the-scenes-of-the-healthcare-covid-19-pandemic-crisis-1zt49dm5.pdf

Behind the scenes of the healthcare COVID-19 pandemic crisis: potential affecting factors of healthcare work sustainability in Romania during 2020–2022

Farahat, Anuscheh/Arzoz, Xabier (eds): Contesting Austerity – A Socio-Legal Inquiry

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Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Angle-of-Arrival-based Asset Localization in a Warehouse

Behind the scenes of the healthcare COVID-19 pandemic crisis: potential affecting factors of healthcare work sustainability in Romania during 2020–2022

Farahat, Anuscheh/Arzoz, Xabier (eds): Contesting Austerity – A Socio-Legal Inquiry