Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected several aspects of people’s lifestyle worldwide. Healthy dietary patterns and their bioactive components may improve or even co-treat the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in several aspects of people’s lifestyle and mental health in daily life. The aim of this survey is to evaluate the potential effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence against COVID-19-induced complications. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey performed on 3721 adults aged between 18 and 65 years old, which aims to evaluate the potential association of MD adherence with multiple sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Results: This study has supported evidence that elevated MD compliance was independently related to female gender, better economic status, no smoking, increased risk of abdominal obesity, higher physical activity levels, greater prevalence of adequate sleep quality, better quality of life, and reduced probability of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic by adjusting for multiple confounders. Conclusions: MD compliance may improve or even co-treat the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in several aspect of people’s lifestyle in daily life. Further research is strongly recommended exploring the possible beneficial effects of the MD against COVID-19 lifestyle complications in daily life.

Association of Mediterranean Diet Adherence with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece

Background—Mental health conditions and substance use are linked. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health conditions and substance use increased, while emergency department (ED) visits decreased in the U.S. There is limited information regarding how the pandemic has affected ED visits for patients with mental health conditions and substance use. Objectives—This study examined the changes in ED visits associated with more common and serious mental health conditions (suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and schizophrenia) and more commonly used substances (opioids, cannabis, alcohol, and cigarettes) in Nevada during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 compared with the pre-pandemic period. Methods—The Nevada State ED database from 2018 to 2021 was used (n = 4,185,416 ED visits). The 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases identified suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, schizophrenia, and the use of opioids, cannabis, alcohol, and cigarette smoking. Seven multivariable logistic regression models were developed for each of the conditions after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and payer source. The reference year was set as 2018. Results—During both of the pandemic years (2020 and 2021), particularly in 2020, the odds of ED visits associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, schizophrenia, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use were all significantly higher than those in 2018. Conclusions—Our findings indicate the impact of the pandemic on mental health- and substance use-associated ED visits and provide empirical evidence for policymakers to direct and develop decisive public health initiatives aimed at addressing mental health and substance use-associated health service utilization, especially during the early stages of large-scale public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

/pdf/mental-health-conditions-and-substance-use-associated-23xexyyg.pdf

Mental Health Conditions– and Substance Use—Associated Emergency Department Visits during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nevada, USA

COVID-19 and mental health risks in children: A role for biomarkers of inflammation, stress and the gut-brain axis

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a multifaceted disease, and integration of AUD treatment between mental health and hepatology is necessary to improve outcomes. We aimed to ascertain whether patients with excessive alcohol use (EAU) and high FIB‐4, which is a non‐invasive method to identify advanced liver disease, are appropriately referred to hepatology and detect which clinical barriers, if any, might pertain. Methods Records of patients with excessive alcohol use between 2013 and 2023 were extracted from a large public system. Demographics, alcohol‐related hospitalizations, mental health conditions, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and referral patterns were evaluated. Comparisons were made between those referred to hepatology versus not. Results 1131 subjects showed evidence of EAU but on further review, 189 were in alcohol‐remission. The remaining 942 (636 men, age 55.7 ± 14.5 years, 548 white, 363 black, 19 Hispanic) subjects with CCI 2.61 ± 2.23 were further analyzed for FIB‐4 score and referral patterns. 316 patients had active EAU and a high FIB‐4, of whom only 116 (37%) were referred to hepatology. Patients with alcohol‐related mental health concerns and admitted for trauma were less likely to be referred. Logistic regression showed referral was higher with alcohol‐related liver hospitalizations (OR: 9.25, 95% CI: 4.90–17.47, p &lt; 0.001), higher CCI (OR: 6.23, 95% CI: 3.00–12.94, p &lt; 0.0001) and lower with mental health admissions (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.48, p &lt; 0.001) or mental health diagnoses (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.82, p = 0.02) and increasing age (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions In a large public health system, almost 63% of patients with EAU and FIB‐4 &gt;2.67 are not referred to hepatology for evaluation. Patients not referred were more likely to have alcohol‐related mental‐health hospitalizations and mental health diagnoses, while those with liver‐related hospitalizations and comorbidities were more likely to be referred. Greater education of mental health providers and for teams taking care of inpatients admitted with alcohol‐related mental health concerns would better integrate care and improve outcomes for patients with higher risk for advanced liver disease. 

Referral to hepatology is lower in patients with excessive alcohol use who have mental health disorders despite a high fibrosis‐4 index

The COVID-19 outbreak has led to relevant changes in everyday life worldwide. One of these changes has been a rapid transition to and an increasing implementation of working from home (WH) modality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mandatory WH during the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors, Mediterranean diet adherence, body weight, and depression. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the early 2022 at the National Research Council of Italy using ad hoc questions and validated scales collecting information on physical activity, sedentary behavior, hobbies/pastimes, dietary habits including adherence to the Mediterranean diet, body weight, and depression during WH compared with before WH. 748 respondents were included in the study. An increased sedentary lifetime was reported by 48% of respondents; however, the subsample of workers who previously performed moderate physical activity intensified this activity. Body weight gain during WH was self-reported in 39.9% of respondents. Mediterranean diet adherence increased (p≪0.001) during WH compared with before WH. The average level of mental health did not record an overall variation; however, the proportion of subjects with mild and moderate depression increased (p = 0.006), while workers who reported values indicative of depression before the transition declared an improvement. These findings highlight health-related impact of WH during the COVID-19 pandemic that may inform future strategies and policies to improve employees’ health and well-being.

Effects of working from home on lifestyle behaviors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic upended many aspects of daily life. For some individuals, this was an opportunity to re-evaluate their life and make better choices, while others were overwhelmed with stressors, leading to a deterioration in mental and physical health. Aim The aim of this narrative systematic review is to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases utilising the search terms ‘Mediterranean diet’ AND ‘COVID-19’. This yielded 73 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results The data suggests that a substantial proportion of individuals adhered less to the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, individuals receiving some form of lifestyle intervention had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet than their unassisted counterparts. Conclusion This emphasises the importance of professional support during times of crisis to avoid deterioration of a population's health.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence: A narrative systematic review

Background: In this research article, we review the infrequently considered long-term impact of the pandemic on inpatient mental health, by reviewing the clinical parameters of all psychiatric admissions to Mount Carmel Hospital, our region’s main psychiatric healthcare facility, from 2019–2021. Methods: 4292 patients were admitted during the research period of this retrospective longitudinal analysis. Taking 2019 as the pre-COVID reference year, we compared mean monthly admissions from 2020 and 2021, looking at patient demographics, status under the Mental Health Act, diagnosis, and self-injurious behaviour. Results: While the pandemic was reflected in a moderate increase in mean monthly presentations with suicidal ideation and suicidal self-injury, presentations in 2020 otherwise remained largely stable. This contrasted with a surge in presentations in 2021 with mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, personality disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, presentations involving self-injurious behaviour continued to grow. Involuntary admissions also increased significantly in 2021. Conclusions: This paper highlights the pernicious long-term impact of the pandemic on mental health presentations, demonstrated by an increase in hospital admissions and more serious presentations. These findings should be considered in the guidance for responses to any future pandemic, giving attention to the evidence of the impact of restrictive measures on mental health.

/pdf/a-retrospective-longitudinal-analysis-of-mental-health-23sqqcvq.pdf

A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Mental Health Admissions: Measuring the Fallout of the Pandemic

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence: A narrative systematic review

A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Mental Health Admissions: Measuring the Fallout of the Pandemic