Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the association of income and happiness. The basic data consist of statements by individuals on their subjective happiness, as reported in thirty surveys from 1946 through 1970, covering nineteen countries, including eleven in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Within countries, there is a noticeable positive association between income and happiness—in every single survey, those in the highest status group were happier, on the average, than those in the lowest status group. However, whether any such positive association exists among countries at a given time is uncertain. Certainly, the happiness differences between rich and poor countries that one might expect on the basis of the within-country differences by economic status are not borne out by the international data. Similarly, in the one national time series studied, for the United States since 1946, higher income was not systematically accompanied by greater happiness. As for why national comparisons among countries and over time show an association between income and happiness that is so much weaker than, if not inconsistent with, that shown by within-country comparisons, a Duesenberry-type model, involving relative status considerations as an important determinant of happiness, is suggested.

Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence

The Delphi technique is a widely used and accepted method for gathering data from respondents within their domain of expertise. The technique is designed as a group communication process which aims to achieve a convergence of opinion on a specific real-world issue. The Delphi process has been used in various fields of study such as program planning, needs assessment, policy determination, and resource utilization to develop a full range of alternatives, explore or expose underlying assumptions, as well as correlate judgments on a topic spanning a wide range of disciplines. The Delphi technique is well suited as a method for consensus-building by using a series of questionnaires delivered using multiple iterations to collect data from a panel of selected subjects. Subject selection, time frames for conducting and completing a study, the possibility of low response rates, and unintentionally guiding feedback from the respondent group are areas which should be considered when designing and implementing a Delphi study.

/pdf/the-delphi-technique-making-sense-of-consensus-3xra3m43kw.pdf

The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus

Entrepreneurship education (EE) research is not advancing as fast as general entrepreneurship because it is not subject to the same level of scholarship. Grounded in the Scholarship of Teaching and...

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2515127417737286

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Entrepreneurship

Fuzzy Delphi method for evaluating hydrogen production technologies

https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2008/R677.pdf

An elementary cross-impact model

: A study was made using Delphi procedures to aid decisionmakers in dealing with value judgments. Previous studies have not clearly shown that there is an appropriate population of factual questions to compare with value judgments; the variability of performance on factual questions is large, depending on the type of questions asked. With this in mind, some comparisons were made: Two groups of UCLA students were asked to generate and rate lists of value categories that they considered important to higher education and the quality of life. Analyses showed that (1) distributions were generally singlepeaked and roughly bell-shaped, (2) the correlations between different groups and different rating methods were high, and (3) the number of changes and degree of convergence for value judgments (reduction in standard deviation) were comparable to similar indices for factual judgments. The experiment supported the conclusion that Delphi procedures are appropriate for processing value material as well as factual material.

/pdf/experimental-assessment-of-delphi-procedures-with-group-153fbmfaeu.pdf

Experimental Assessment of Delphi Procedures with Group Value Judgments

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Experimental Assessment of Delphi Procedures with Group Value Judgments