The current global exploration roadmap nudges us to expand further away from the inner solar system onto our neighbouring planet - Mars. With the solar system’s highest volcanos, deep
crevasses, basins and a dynamically changing atmosphere on the poles every season, it creates a
ideal candidate for long duration exploration. To support human exploration missions on another
celestial body, greenhouses shall become a necessity in order to reduce the total mass that would
be allocated for supplies.
Institute of Space Systems, DLR at Bremen is currently conducting a long term project, EDEN
ISS to carry out ground demonstration of plant cultivation technologies for safe food production
in space and other destinations. The master thesis is carried out in cooperation with EDEN ISS
team in order translate their methods of food production for Martian missions. A detailed literature review is carried out on deployable space structures, past analogue habitats, past studies
and the Martian environment. The review delivers a baseline for high level requirements and
assumptions for conceptualization of a large scale pressurized deployable greenhouse facility.
Six different concepts are developed and evaluated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
method on based on five criteria weighting - mass, plant growth area, stowed vs. deployed volume,
reliability and crew support. The selected concept is a fully pressurized hub service section connecting eight greenhouse modules that erect using telescopic deployment. The greenhouse system
is envisioned to be enclosed underneath a protection shield built using In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) capability and connected with the habitat to utilize resources.
A preliminary analysis is performed for estimating structural, radiation, wind and thermal
loads experienced on the protection shield as well as the greenhouse system. To validate the preliminary analysis, a PATRAN detailed model of the greenhouse system was created and validated
using NASTRAN. The analysis show that the rigid and inflatable components of the structure
shall sustain the stress that is experienced by the system. Finally, a brief overview of the future
work is presented.

Design and Analysis of a Deployable Greenhouse Structure for Martian Environment

Next Generation Life Support (NGLS) is one of several technology development projects sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Game Changing Development Program. NGLS is developing life support technologies (including water recovery, and space suit life support technologies) needed for humans to live and work productively in space. NGLS has three project tasks: Variable Oxygen Regulator (VOR), Rapid Cycle Amine (RCA) swing bed, and Alternative Water Processing. The selected technologies within each of these areas are focused on increasing affordability, reliability, and vehicle self sufficiency while decreasing mass and enabling long duration exploration. The RCA and VOR tasks are directed at key technology needs for the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) for an Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), with focus on prototyping and integrated testing. The focus of the Rapid Cycle Amine (RCA) swing-bed ventilation task is to provide integrated carbon dioxide removal and humidity control that can be regenerated in real time during an EVA. The Variable Oxygen Regulator technology will significantly increase the number of pressure settings available to the space suit. Current spacesuit pressure regulators are limited to only two settings while the adjustability of the advanced regulator will be nearly continuous. The Alternative Water Processor efforts will result in the development of a system capable of recycling wastewater from sources expected in future exploration missions, including hygiene and laundry water, based on natural biological processes and membrane-based post treatment. The technologies will support a capability-driven architecture for extending human presence beyond low Earth orbit to potential destinations such as the Moon, near Earth asteroids and Mars.

/pdf/next-generation-life-support-project-development-of-advanced-42jjzdarqg.pdf

Next Generation Life Support Project: Development of Advanced Technologies for Human Exploration Missions

Life Support and Habitation Systems (LSHS) is one of 10 Foundational Domains as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s proposed Enabling Technology Development and Demonstration (ETDD) Program. LSHS will develop and mature technologies to sustain life on long duration human missions beyond Low Earth Orbit that are reliable, have minimal logistics supply and increase self-sufficiency. For long duration exploration missions, further closure of life support systems is paramount, including focus on key technologies for atmosphere revitalization, water recovery, waste management, thermal control and crew accommodation that recover additional consumable mass, reduce requirements for power, volume, heat rejection, crew involvement, and which have increased reliability and capability. Other areas of focus include technologies for radiation protection, environmental monitoring and fire protection. Beyond LEO, return to Earth will be constrained. The potability of recycled water and purity of regenerated air must be measured and certified aboard the spacecraft. Missions must be able to recover from fire events through early detection, use of non-toxic suppression agents, and operation of recovery systems that protect on-board Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) hardware. Without the protection of the Earth s geomagnetic field, missions beyond LEO must have improved radiation shielding and dosimetry, as well as warning systems to protect the crew against solar particle events. This paper will describe plans for the new LSHS Foundational Domain and mission factors that will shape its technology development portfolio.

/pdf/life-support-and-habitation-systems-crew-support-and-562rdktkoy.pdf

Life Support and Habitation Systems: Crew Support and Protection for Human Exploration Missions Beyond Low- Earth Orbit

Exploration Life Support (ELS) is a current project under NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. The ELS Project plans, coordinates and implements the development of advanced life support technologies for human exploration missions in space. Recent work has focused on closed loop atmosphere and water systems for long duration missions, including habitats and pressurized rovers. But, what are the critical questions facing life support system developers for these and other future human missions? This paper explores those questions and how progress in the development of ELS technologies can help answer them. The ELS Project includes the following Elements: Atmosphere Revitalization Systems, Water Recovery Systems, Waste Management Systems, Habitation Engineering, Systems Integration, Modeling and Analysis, and Validation and Testing, which includes the Sub-Elements Flight Experiments and Integrated Testing. Systems engineering analysis by ELS seeks to optimize overall mission architectures by considering all the internal and external interfaces of the life support system and the potential for reduction or reuse of commodities. In particular, various sources and sinks of water and oxygen are considered along with the implications on loop closure and the resulting launch mass requirements. Systems analysis will be validated through the data gathered from integrated testing, which will demonstrate the interfaces of a closed loop life support system. By applying a systematic process for defining, sorting and answering critical life support questions, the ELS project is preparing for a variety of future human space missions

/pdf/exploration-life-support-critical-questions-for-future-human-4ig7vx6add.pdf

Exploration Life Support Critical Questions for Future Human Space Missions

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Life Support and Habitation Systems: Crew Support and Protection for Human Exploration Missions Beyond Low- Earth Orbit

Exploration Life Support Critical Questions for Future Human Space Missions