Tobacco has long held spiritual significance to Native people of North America but, because of recreational use, it has become a health risk relatively recently More Native people smoke than any other ethnic group (41 percent vs 24 percent in whites and blacks), and death rates caused by tobacco-related diseases are disproportionately high However, no tested, culturally tailored smoking cessation programs exist for this group We used a critical-interpretive framework to understand the meaning of tobacco and the feasibility of smoking cessation interventions in a pan-tribal population In June 2004, the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) and the Oklahoma Area Indian Health Service (IHS) collaborated on six focus groups with (IHS) patients The patients served represent over 200 different nations Our participants provided us with modifications to a currently untested program designed by the Muscogee Nation of Oklahoma's Tobacco Prevention Program to enhance cultural appropriateness, including (1) an emphasis on visual presentation and a “Native” look to program educational materials; (2) comprehensive information about tobacco, quitting, and coping among Native people; (3) an acknowledgment and incorporation of traditional tobacco use and its diversity; and (4) the use of talking circles and counseling with Native facilitators

“Tobacco Has a Purpose, Not Just a Past”: Feasibility of Developing a Culturally Appropriate Smoking Cessation Program for a Pan‐Tribal Native Population

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) cultures in the United States include a diverse group of indigenous cultures that have been affected by their contact with European Americans and have suff...

Translation of Health Programs for American Indians in the United States

Background Research suggests that in environments where community conflict and violence are chronic or cyclical, caregiving can impact how children may begin to reproduce violence throughout the various stages of their lives. The aim of this study is to understand how caregiving affects processes of reproducing violence and resilience among children in conflict-affected Burundi. Methods We combined a socio-ecological model of child development with a child-actor perspective. We operationalized the core concepts ‘vulnerable household’, ‘resilience’, and ‘caregiving’ iteratively in culturally relevant ways, and put children's experiences at the center of the inquiry. We carried out a comparative case study among 74 purposively sampled vulnerable households in six collines in three communes in three provinces in the interior of Burundi. Burundian field researchers conducted three consecutive interviews; with the head of the household, the main caregiver, and a child. Results Our findings reveal a strong congruence between positive caregiving and resilience among children. Negative caregiving was related to negative social behavior among children. Other resources for resilience appeared to be limited. The overall level of household conditions and embedment in communities attested to a generalized fragile ecological environment. Conclusions In conflict-affected socio-ecological environments, caregiving can impact children's functioning and their role in reproducing violence. Interventions that support caregivers in positive caregiving are promising for breaking cyclical violence.

/pdf/intergenerational-transmission-of-violence-and-resilience-in-ltbghsrja2.pdf

Intergenerational transmission of violence and resilience in conflict-affected Burundi: a qualitative study of why some children thrive despite duress.

The adolescent’s world of delinquent behaviors and risk and protective factors around each behavior is very complicated and articulating certain characteristics or contents of effective programs thus has been intricate. This paper reports the findings of a study examining an original model with the three problems of major juvenile delinquent behaviors: substance abuse, tobacco smoking and violent behavior, by testing their risk/protective factors derived from theories and past empirical studies. The satisfactory model fit was confirmed with the Structural Equation Modeling and structure of a multidimensional construct in the hypothesized model, which showed specified causal linkage, was validated. The authors also found 10 mediating effects among risk/protective factors either with theoretical/past literature result rationale or authors assumptions which led both to confirmatory and new findings.

Multifaceted Reality of Juvenile Delinquency: An Empirical Analysis of Structural Theories and Literature

Little is known about the effect of acculturation on patterns of alcohol use for migrants from Islamic countries. In a field study of Afghan migrants to Germany, participants who drink alcohol were screened with respect to alcohol use problems and then interviewed concerning patterns of use, mental health, and sociodemographic variables. Snowball sampling was used until 50 Afghan migrants with alcohol use disorders could be interviewed. A significant correlation was found between acculturation stress and mental distress, as well as between mental distress and severity of alcohol use. These correlations did not differ with respect to whether alcohol had been used prior to migration. The findings support the hypothesis of the effect of acculturation on problematic alcohol use. Acculturation needs to be focused on in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.

Alcohol Use Disorders Among Afghan Migrants in Germany

The situation of migrants with substance abuse problems has hardly been explored by German addiction research. The few existing studies show that patterns of substance abuse may be culturally transmitted and that they are affected by acculturation stress. In this study, data on 103 consecutive opiate dependent Turkish migrants was collected in an addiction counseling centre in Hamburg and analysed with the object to identify (1) specific aspects of migration stress associated with substance abuse and (2) possible protective factors for migrants. Data was collected on the course of addiction, on general socio-demographic and migration specific aspects and on areas of conflict. The mean age at initiation of regular opiate use was 19.7 years; at first contact with addiction services-27.2 years. The severity of dependence was significantly higher for individuals without partners, for individuals without previous inpatient treatment and for those with social and family conflicts. Protective family str...

Psychosocial Aspects of Opiate Dependence Among Turkish Migrants in Germany

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Psychosocial Aspects of Opiate Dependence Among Turkish Migrants in Germany