Adaptive hypermedia is a relatively new direction of research on the crossroads of hypermedia and user modeling. Adaptive hypermedia systems build a model of the goals, preferences and knowledge of each individual user, and use this model throughout the interaction with the user, in order to adapt to the needs of that user. The goal of this paper is to present the state of the art in adaptive hypermedia at the eve of the year 2000, and to highlight some prospects for the future. This paper attempts to serve both the newcomers and the experts in the area of adaptive hypermedia by building on an earlier comprehensive review (Brusilovsky, 1996; Brusilovsky, 1998).

Adaptive Hypermedia

This paper provides a short review and a state of the art report on Webbased adaptive educational systems. The systems are analyzed according to applied adaptation technologies.

Adaptive Educational Systems on the World-Wide-Web: A Review of Available Technologies

Student assessment is a very important issue in educational settings. The goal of this work is to develop a web-based tool to assist teachers and instructors in the assessment process. Our system is called SIETTE, and its theoretical bases are Computer Adaptive Testing and Item Response Theory. With SIETTE, teachers worldwide can define their tests, and their students can take these tests on-line. The tests are generated according to teachers' specifications and are adaptive, that is, the questions are selected intelligently to fit the student's level of knowledge. In this way, we obtain more accurate estimations of student's knowledge with significantly shorter tests. By using the computer, larger question databases can be stored, selection algorithms can be performed efficiently, and questions can include multimedia content. The use of Java applets allows the inclusion of executable content in question stem and/or answers, so the student can interact with the system by means of this applet. In this way, new possibilities are added to Computer Adaptive Tests, such as using traditional multiple-choice questions together with questions whose answer is evaluated by the applet itself.

SIETTE: A Web-Based Tool for Adaptive Testing

In recent years, there is a growing need for computer technology to be used in a real school environment and/or higher education classrooms. However, educational software has often been criticized as it has not been specifically designed to meet the needs of real classrooms. In this study, we have tried to develop the system, what we have called as ''ZOSMAT'' that will respond almost every needs of a real classroom. ZOSMAT can be used for the purpose of either individual learning or real classroom environment with the guidance of a human tutor during a formal education process. This characteristic of ZOSMAT distinguishes itself from other intelligent tutoring systems. ZOSMAT follows a student in each stage of the learning process and guides him/her about what he/she will need to do. ZOSMAT with a web-based feature presents an equal opportunity of education for both the student in the classroom and the student in the far end of the world. This system is a student-centered one and the progress in student's learning process depends on his/her effort.

ZOSMAT: Web-based intelligent tutoring system for teaching-learning process

Adaptive testing systems generate tests for assessment that are tailored to each student. In these tests, students are assessed through a process that uses Item Response Theory (IRT), a well-founded psychometric theory. This theory is responsible for estimating student knowledge, determining the next question that must be posed at each moment, and deciding test finalization. System of Intelligent Evaluation Using Tests for Teleeducation (SIETTE) is a Web-based environment for generating and constructing adaptive tests. In SIETTE, teachers can create tests for self-assessment. In this kind of test, questions are posed one by one, and the correction of each question is shown immediately after the student's answer. Along with this correction, and in terms of the student's answer, feedback is provided. Feedback consists of pieces of knowledge that help students detect misconceptions or reinforce concepts correctly learned. Furthermore, hints can be included when questions are posed to supply students with some kind of help or explanation about the stem. As a result, this kind of test can be used not just for assessment, but also for instructional purposes. The first goal of this paper is to show how SIETTE can be used for instructional purposes, by combining adaptive student self-assessment test questions with feedback and hints. This paper also shows that the Web is a feasible platform for the generation of adaptive tests, supporting the use of SIETTE for this purpose.

Self-assessment in a feasible, adaptive web-based testing system

Medtec: A Web-Based Intelligent Tutor for Basic Anatomy.

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Medtec: A Web-Based Intelligent Tutor for Basic Anatomy.