Introducción: La malnutrición es un problema global que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo, especialmente a los adultos mayores. Entre las posibles consecuencias de la malnutrición en el adulto mayor se encuentra la sarcopenia o pérdida de masa muscular.Objetivo: Caracterizar las tendencias e impacto de la producción científica sobre malnutrición en adultos mayores ambulatorios con progresión a la sarcopenia publicada en Scopus entre 2019 y 2022 en el contexto latinoamericano.Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, bibliométrico Los datos utilizados en el estudio en cuestión se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos Dimensions. Se usó la correlación lineal de Pearson para realizar el análisis tendencial de los datos.Resultados: Los años más productivos fueron el 2020 (175 artículos) y el 2021 (160 artículos), siendo el menos productivo el 2022 (31 artículos). El año con mayor número de citas lo represento el 2019 (15795 citas) para un 53.74 % y el año con menor número fue el 2022 (2141 citas) para un 7.29 %. Del total de citas, 6552 fueron consideradas autocitas. Los resultados corroboran la hegemonía de paises como Brasil (176 artículos) y México (110 artículos). Cuba ocupa en Latinoamérica el puesto 14 con respecto a la producción de artículos de la temática de estudio.Conclusiones: Se evidenció una baja producción científica latinoamericana sobre malnutrición en adultos mayores ambulatorios con progresión a la sarcopenia en revistas indexadas en Scopus, con artículos publicados y citas que siguen una línea directa hacia la disminución.

Producción científica latinoamericana sobre malnutrición en adultos mayores ambulatorios con progresión a la sarcopenia

La infección por COVID-19 es una enfermedad nueva a la cual la población de mayor edad es especialmente vulnerable, como también lo es a desarrollar procesos de mayor gravedad. El aumento de morbimortalidad en el paciente mayor se ha asociado tanto a las comorbilidades, especialmente la enfermedad cardiovascular, como a la situación de fragilidad que conlleva una respuesta inmunológica más pobre.

Retos de la atención a las personas mayores con COVID-19 a nivel hospitalario

Introducción: La desnutrición hospitalaria ha sido considerada como un problema mundial de salud pública con implicaciones económicas, sociales, políticas y éticas. Varios estudios a nivel internacional demuestran una prevalencia del 40% de desnutrición hospitalaria.  Objetivo: Validar los instrumentos para determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes adultos hospitalizados y su relación con factores institucionales.  Materiales y Métodos: Corresponde a una investigación mixta, prospectiva, de campo, de corte transversal, de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. Se utilizó una prueba piloto para establecer la validez, pertinencia y coherencia y así obtener el grado de confiabilidad de los instrumentos diseñados, tanto cuantitativo y cualitativo, que fueron validados por juicio de 15 expertos. Para el instrumento cuantitativo, se utilizó una guía de estudio donde se recabó información de las historias clínicas de 20 pacientes y a su vez se encuestó a 20 profesionales de la salud que laboran en el hospital. Para el instrumento cualitativo, se seleccionó de forma aleatoria a 3 pacientes con diagnóstico de desnutrición.  Resultados: Para el instrumento cuantitativo, se obtiene una puntuación de 88,86 de confiabilidad, con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,89. La confiabilidad del instrumento cualitativo fue de 98,4, ya sea para el factor de desempeño laboral, el factor de estado físico y el factor de apoyo familiar. En la prueba piloto se determinó una prevalencia del 50%-75% de desnutrición hospitalaria. La hipertensión arterial fue la patología más común asociada a los pacientes con diagnóstico de desnutrición, con una prevalencia mayor al 85%. Así mismo, se correlacionó el diagnostico nutricional con la estancia hospitalaria y se observa que aquellos pacientes con un diagnóstico de desnutrición presentan una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada en comparación con los que tienen un estado nutricional adecuado. En los resultados del instrumento cualitativo, se evaluó el estado emocional del paciente con desnutrición, observando testimonios con diagnósticos de ansiedad, estrés o depresión.  Conclusión: Los instrumentos, tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo, han sido aprobados por su confiabilidad y validez, quedando aptos para ser aplicados a la muestra que representa esta investigación. Los resultados obtenidos en el plan piloto mantienen estrecha relación a los observados en investigaciones nacionales e internacionales sobre el mismo tema de estudio, resaltando a la desnutrición hospitalaria como un problema global de salud pública. 
  
SUMMARY 
  
Introduction: Hospital undernutrition has been considered as a problem global public health with economic, social, political and ethical implications. Several international studies show a 40% prevalence of malnutrition hospitable. Objective: To validate the instruments to determine the prevalence of Malnutrition in hospitalized adult patients and its relationship with institutional factors. Materials and Methods: It corresponds to a mixed, prospective, field investigation, of cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. A pilot test was used to establish the validity, relevance and coherence and thus obtain the degree of reliability of the instruments designed, both quantitative and qualitative, which were validated by judgment of 15 experts. For the quantitative instrument, a study guide was used where collected information from the medical records of 20 patients and in turn 20 were surveyed health professionals working in the hospital. For the qualitative instrument, randomly selected 3 patients diagnosed with undernutrition. Results: For the quantitative instrument, a reliability score of 88.86 is obtained, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The reliability of the qualitative instrument was 98.4, since either for the job performance factor, the fitness factor and the support factor family. In the pilot test, a prevalence of 50%-75% of malnutrition was determined hospitable. Arterial hypertension was the most common pathology associated with patients diagnosed with undernutrition, with a prevalence greater than 85%. Likewise, if correlated the nutritional diagnosis with the hospital stay and it is observed that those patients with a diagnosis of malnutrition have a hospital stay longer compared to those with adequate nutritional status. In the results of the qualitative instrument, the emotional state of the patient was evaluated with undernutrition, observing testimonies with diagnoses of anxiety, stress or depression.  Conclusion: The instruments, both quantitative and qualitative, have been approved by its reliability and validity, being suitable to be applied to the sample that represents this investigation. The results obtained in the pilot plan are closely related to those observed in national and international investigations on the same topic of study, highlighting hospital malnutrition as a global health problem public.

Validación del instrumento para determinar desnutrición hospitalaria en adultos y su correlación con factores institucionales

Introduction: Malnutrition is a global problem that affects millions of people around the world, especially the elderly. Among the possible consequences of malnutrition in the elderly is sarcopenia or loss of muscle mass.Objective: To characterize the trends and impact of scientific production on malnutrition in ambulatory older adults with progression to sarcopenia published in Scopus between 2019 and 2022 in the Latin American context.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, bibliometric study was carried out. The data used in the study in question were obtained from the Dimensions database. Pearson's linear correlation was used to perform the trend analysis of the data.Results: The most productive years were 2020 (175 articles) and 2021 (160 articles), with the least productive being 2022 (31 articles). The year with the highest number of citations was represented by 2019 (15795 citations) for 53.74% and the year with the lowest number was 2022 (2141 citations) for 7.29%. Of the total citations, 6552 were considered self-citations. The results corroborate the hegemony of countries like Brazil (176 articles) and Mexico (110 articles). Cuba ranks 14th in Latin America with respect to the production of articles on the subject of study.Conclusions: A low Latin American scientific production on malnutrition in ambulatory older adults with progression to sarcopenia was evidenced in journals indexed in Scopus, with published articles and citations that follow a direct line towards reduction.

Latin American scientific production on malnutrition in ambulatory older adults with progression to sarcopenia in Scopus.

Introduction: malnutrition is a prevalent condition in people older than 65 years. Poor nutritional status has been associated to longer hospital stays, complications, increased comorbidities and mortality. This study aims to describe the relationship between the nutritional status of hospitalized older adults and factors such as support network, functionality and the presence of dementia. 
Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was carried out based on the revision of medical records of patients hospitalized by the Geriatrics Unit at San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogota, Colombia. Nutritional status measured through the Mini-Nutritional Assessment was considered to be the dependent variable. Sociodemographic factors, functional status, previous diagnosis of dementia, support network, delirium, length of hospital stay and presence of comorbidities were used as independent variables. 
Results: 887 patients with an average age of 85.43 were included. 43.07% were men. The logistic regression model revealed that the presence of delirium OR 2.27 (CI 1.48-3.48), the diagnosis of dementia OR 2.48 (CI 1.63-3.77) and the longer hospital stay OR 1.05 (CI 1.0-1.10) had an association of increased risk with malnutrition 
Conclusion: a significant association was found between poor nutritional status with decreased functionality, longer hospital stays, having a diagnosis of dementia, presenting delirium, having a greater number of comorbidity and higher mortality. Future studies addressing this issue are required. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 69-73).

http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/amc/v43n2/0120-2448-amc-43-02-00069.pdf

Factores asociados al estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados

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Factores asociados al estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados