Butanol is an aliphatic saturated alcohol having the molecular formula of C4H9OH Butanol can be used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical and textile industry applications Moreover, butanol has been considered as a potential fuel or fuel additive Biological production of butanol (with acetone and ethanol) was one of the largest industrial fermentation processes early in the 20th century However, fermentative production of butanol had lost its competitiveness by 1960s due to increasing substrate costs and the advent of more efficient petrochemical processes Recently, increasing demand for the use of renewable resources as feedstock for the production of chemicals combined with advances in biotechnology through omics, systems biology, metabolic engineering and innovative process developments is generating a renewed interest in fermentative butanol production This article reviews biotechnological production of butanol by clostridia and some relevant fermentation and downstream processes The strategies for strain improvement by metabolic engineering and further requirements to make fermentative butanol production a successful industrial process are also discussed Biotechnol Bioeng 2008;101: 209-228 © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bit.22003

Fermentative butanol production by clostridia

Clostridia: the importance of their exceptional substrate and metabolite diversity for biofuel and biorefinery applications.

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

Fermentive Production of Four Carbon Alcohols

Biomass is pretreated using a low concentration of aqueous ammonia at high biomass concentration. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Treatment of biomass to obtain fermentable sugars

Pervaporative recovery of n-butanol from aqueous solutions and ABE fermentation broth using thin-film silicalite-filled silicone composite membranes

A biologically pure asporogenic mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum is produced by growing sporogenic C. acetobutylicum ATCC 4259 and treating the parent strain with ethane methane sulfonate. The mutant which has been designated C. acetobutylicum ATCC 55025 is useful in an improved ABE fermentation process, and produces high concentrations of butanol and total solvents.

Mutant strain of c. acetobutylicum and process for making butanol

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Mutant strain of c. acetobutylicum and process for making butanol