1. Introduction 2. Fear, interest and honor 3. The spirit and its expression 4. The ancient world 5. Medieval Europe 6. From Sun King to Revolution 7. Imperialism and World War I 8. World War II 9. Hitler to Bush and beyond 10. General findings and conclusions.

/pdf/a-cultural-theory-of-international-relations-4bpcaeiy8z.pdf

A Cultural Theory of International Relations

Despite its democratic structure, Japan's government has been dominated by a single party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) since 1955. This book offers an explanation for why, even in the face of great dissatisfaction with the LDP, no opposition party has been able to offer itself as a credible challenger in Japan. Understanding such failure is important for many reasons, from its effect on Japanese economic policy to its implications for what facilitates democratic responsiveness more broadly. The principal explanations for opposition failure in Japan focus on the country's culture and electoral system. This book offers a new interpretation, arguing that a far more plausible explanation rests on the predominance in Japan of clientelism, combined with a centralized government structure and electoral protection for groups that benefit from clientelism. While the central case in the book is Japan, the analysis is also comparative and applies the framework cross-nationally.

/pdf/democracy-without-competition-in-japan-opposition-failure-in-188t3frptk.pdf

Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State

To explain the strong finding that democracies rarely fight other democracies, analysts typically focus on some attribute of regime type. This linkage may be spurious, at least in part. The emergence and persistence of the first wave of liberal republics and democracies were greatly facilitated by the prior resolution of regional primacy questions. Because early democracies did not engage fully in competitions for regional primacy and territorial expansion, they were less likely to attack other states, democracies or otherwise, in their home regions. Nonexpansionist foreign policies also discouraged the domestic concentration of economic and political power, which in turn facilitated democratization processes. Four historical cases illustrate how regional primacy issues preceded the development of democracy and either undermined or facilitated democratization processes in major powers that have been especially important to the annals of war participation. Further research on whether peace antecedes democracy or the other way around appears warranted.

Democracy and peace: putting the cart before the horse?

References [1] Atsuko Abe. The Relationship between Japan and the European Union: Domestic Politics and Transnational Relations. Athlone Press, 1999. [2] Kōbō Abe. Women in the Dunes. Knopf, 1964. Translated by E. Dale Saunders. [3] Kōbō Abe. Friends. Grove, 1969. Translated by Donald Keene. [4] Kōbō Abe. The Box Man. Putnam Perigee, 1981. Translated by E. Dale Saunders. [5] Hallett E. Abend. Japan Unmasked. 1941. [6] Joyce Ackroyd. Told Round a Brushwood Fire: The Autobiography of Arai Hakuseki. University of Arizona Press, 1980. translated by Joyce Ackroyd. [7] Roy H. Akagi. Japan’s Foreign Relations, 1542-1936. 1936. [8] Motojiro Akashi. Rakka Ryusui: Colonel Akashi’s Report on His Secret Cooperat?? 1988. [9] George Akita. Foundations of Constitutional Government in Modern Japan, 1868-1900. Harvard University Press, 1967. [10] George Akita. An examination of e.h. norman’s scholarship. The Journal of Japanese Studies, 3(2), 1977.

http://openhistory.org/jhdp/download/bibliography/0.0.6/japanese_history.pdf

BibTex List of Materials Related to the Study of Japanese History

The rise of China and other great powers raises important questions about the persistence and stability of the 'liberal international order'. This book provides a new perspective on these questions by offering a novel theory of revisionist challenges to international order. It argues that rising powers sometimes seem to face the condition of 'status immobility', which activates social psychological and domestic political forces that push them toward lashing out in protest against status quo rules, norms, and institutions. Ward shows that status immobility theory illuminates important but often-overlooked dynamics that contributed to the most significant revisionist challenges in modern history. The book highlights the importance of status in world politics, and further advances a new understanding of this important concept's role in foreign policy. This book will be of interest to researchers in international politics and security, especially those interested in great power politics, status, power transitions, revisionism, and order.

Status and the Challenge of Rising Powers

The first study of Japan's political parties to focus on the years 1931-1941. An evaluation of the parties in terms of their own goals and principles and analysis of their struggle for power against other elite groups.

Parties Out of Power in Japan, 1931-1941

Protest in Tokyo: The Security Treaty Crisis of 1960.

Background The cancer/testis antigen PRAME exemplifies an ideal TCR-T cell therapy target due to its high expression in multiple malignancies and its absence in normal tissues. Ini-tially identified in metastatic cutaneous melanoma, 1 PRAME is highly expressed in various additional solid tumors including lung, head & neck, and ovarian cancers. PRAME plays a piv-otal role in multiple cellular processes and has been demonstrated to exhibit protumorigenic function primarily through inhibition of retinoic acid receptor signaling. 2 Targeting of PRAME in solid tumors, particularly when performed as part of a TCR-T multiplexing strategy, represents a promising ther-apeutic approach in the treatment of many cancer indications Methods We discovered TCRs specific for 5 different A*02:01-restricted PRAME-derived epitopes using TScan ’ s proprietary ReceptorScan platform. Using an activation-based screening technology termed ActivScan, we identified the most functional TCRs from a library of 1300 PRAME-specific TCRs to select for TCRs with greatest avidity and expression. These highly active TCRs were examined for their cytotoxic function using a panel of PRAME-expressing A*02:01-positive cell lines. Lead TCRs were assessed for potential off-target reactivity using our proprietary SafetyScan platform, in which off-target recognition of antigens derived from all proteins that comprise the human proteome

/pdf/182-discovery-of-tsc-203-a02-a-prame-specific-tcr-t-cell-vbv5nkkx.pdf

182 Discovery of TSC-203-A02: A PRAME-specific TCR-T cell therapy candidate for the treatment of solid tumors

Precision medicine in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires an understanding of how cellular networks change following therapy. We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies from 38 patients and three controls, revealing disease- and therapy-specific differences. A systems-biology analysis identified distinct spatially-resolved cellular microenvironments: granuloma signatures in CD and interferon (IFN)-response signatures localising to T-cell aggregates and epithelial damage in CD and UC. Longitudinal comparisons demonstrated that disease progression in non-responders associated with myeloid and stromal cell perturbations in CD and increased multi-cellular IFN signalling in UC. IFN signalling was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium with a lymphoid pathotype. Our therapeutic atlas informs drug positioning across IMIDs, and suggests a rationale for the use of janus kinase (JAK) inhibition following anti-TNF resistance.

/pdf/a-longitudinal-single-cell-therapeutic-atlas-of-anti-tumour-135xylpa.pdf

A longitudinal single-cell therapeutic atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease

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Parties Out of Power in Japan, 1931-1941

Protest in Tokyo: The Security Treaty Crisis of 1960.

182 Discovery of TSC-203-A02: A PRAME-specific TCR-T cell therapy candidate for the treatment of solid tumors

A longitudinal single-cell therapeutic atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease