Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use and misuse of 19th century English and American ceramics in archaeological analysis. It also discusses several topics that should interest archaeologists who have not had much experience in analyzing historical period pottery and porcelain. These include (1) published sources useful for background information, (2) the concept of ware and problems in using the concept, (3) how pottery was decorated and the dates for different methods of decoration, and (4) sources for the identification of various backmarks. Without adequate knowledge of the ceramic materials, that is, knowledge that permits correct identification, analytical results obviously will be seriously flawed. This is not an infrequent occurrence in historical archaeology, and it has hampered otherwise well-thought-out studies of time-and-space systematics, studies of formation processes, and at the highest level, studies of human behavior. There are several temporal and spatial limits to this study. The chapter discuses ceramic materials manufactured in the Great Britain and the United States between approximately 1800 and 1900, because these are arbitrary limits that crosscut several important trends in ceramic manufacturing and marketing.

The Use and Misuse of Nineteenth-Century English and American Ceramics in Archaeological Analysis

Historical and anthropological archaeology have had a somewhat disjointed relationship. Differences in theoretical perspectives, methodological concerns, and material records have led to a lack of cross talk between these branches of Americanist archaeology. This paper presents recent issues in historical archaeology, points out areas of common concern, and argues that both archaeologies would benefit from informed discussions about the materiality and history of the pre- and post-Columbian world.

/pdf/historical-and-anthropological-archaeology-forging-alliances-3c7shmrizj.pdf

Historical and Anthropological Archaeology: Forging Alliances

In the eyes of the social reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the migration of Afro-Americans from the rural former slave states to urban areas like Washington brought social problems. Modern scholars suggest that the behavior noted by the reformers was not deviant but the result of different cultural behavior based in the rural and ethnic experience of the Afro-Americans. In order to determine if there was a distinct ethnic culture among the Afro-Americans that lived in alleys, their material culture and household income strategies were compared to that of white households which were located on the street in a working class neighborhood. The comparisons determined that ethnic-based differences could be isolated while economic-based differences could not. This strengthens the conclusion that the Afro-Americans had distinctive behavior patterns that they were utilizing to adapt to the urban environment. It also suggests that where the economic variable can be controlled, differences based on ethnic behavior rather than on income will characterize archaeological assemblages from black households.

Pottery and Pig's Feet: Space, Ethnicity, and Neighborhood in Washington, D.C., 1880-1940

The social relations of class, gender, and ethnicity affected individuals and families in the nineteenth century and shaped (as well as were shaped by) uses of the material world. Changes in demographic composition of the household, successions in land ownership, and other events that altered the developmental course of the family unit, however, were also significant. Variations in the material and spatial expressions of gender ideologies, for example, were more than simply deviations from middle-class cultural norms. They represented the active negotiation of dominant ideologies and the construction of alternate meaningful gender relations and forms of domesticity.

Newlyweds, Young Families, and Spinsters: A Consideration of Developmental Cycle in Historical Archaeologies of Gender

Beginning in November 1996 and continuing until July of 1997, the Adjutant General’s Department of Texas conducted a self-sponsored Phase I cultural resources survey of Camp Swift in Bastrop County, Texas. The project surveyed approximately 5,000 acres of the camp, approximately 1,000 of which had been previously surveyed. A total of 58 new archaeological sites were recorded, of which 26 were prehistoric, 24 were historic, and 8 had both prehistoric and historic components. In addition to these sites, 42 previously identified sites were revisited. In September 2000, the Center for Archaeological Research of the University of Texas at San Antonio completed shovel tests on two sites and acquired GPS data on 28 sites. At this time, a geomorphologist excavated a series of 12 backhoe trenches and—subsequently—a report on the geoarchaeology of Camp Swift was added to this report. An assessment of the 169 sites now known on Camp Swift found one site (41BP138, the Wine Cellar Site) eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. A total of 106 sites are considered not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Fifty-nine sites are considered potentially eligible, and should be tested to determine their eligibility. Three marked cemeteries are protected by state law.

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An Archaeological Inventory of Camp Swift, Bastrop County, Texas

The potteries of the East Liverpool district were the largest domestic producers of ceramic toilet and table wares between 1890 and 1940. This volume is a study of the manufacturers and marks of that district. It includes a brief history of the local pottery industry from its inception in 1840 to the present, skeletal histories of 85 individual firms, and photographs of 993 known marks utilized by these companies. This treatise is designed to provide a reference for the identification and interpretation of archaeological data. It also contains peripheral appendices to facilitate effective use of the publication.

The East Liverpool pottery district: Identification of manufacturers and marks

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The East Liverpool pottery district: Identification of manufacturers and marks