This article analyses the potential conflict bpiween econonnic growth and the maintenance of
environmental quality in an overlapping generations model. Shorl-livcd individuals make decisions
which have long-lasting effects on both factor productivity and the environment. The model
provides a theoretical explanation of observed correlations between environmental quality and
income, whereby ecotiomic growth is associated first with declines, then improvements, in
environmental quality. It suggests circumstances in which multiple Pareto-ranked steady-state
equilibria may arise, and in which sustained growth of both capital and environmental quality
may occur. Overmaititcnance of the environment, analogous to dynamically inefficient overaccumulation
of capital, may emerge.

An Overlapping Generations Model ofGrowth and the Enviroment

This study empirically evaluated three different forms of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) including ‘new toxics’, ‘race to the bottom’, and ‘revised’ EKC in a panel of 36 developed and developing countries for the period of 1995–2013. The results of robust least square MM-estimator confirmed the ‘race to the bottom’ hypothesis in nitrous oxide emissions (N 2 O) and carbon monoxides (CO) emissions, while ‘revised’ EKC hypothesis exist in traffic volume emissions and CO emissions. The study constructed an “emissions index” by the principal component matrix for evaluating ‘new toxics’ EKC hypothesis and confirm that industrial activities continuously created new, unregulated and potentially toxic pollutants in a panel of countries. The results found that industrial activities substantially increase traffic emissions and mono-nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions across countries. In a majority of the cases, trade openness, energy demand and per capita food variability directly associated with the air pollutants that deteriorate the natural environment.

New toxics, race to the bottom and revised environmental Kuznets curve: The case of local and global pollutants

Ecological civilization is a transcendence of industrial civilization. The improvement of China's ecological civilization system can not only provide developing countries with an empirical reference for ecological civilization construction, but also make a huge contribution to the progress of global ecological civilization. This paper focuses on improving the provincial ecological civilization evaluation system. First, the Provincial Ecological Civilization Construction Evaluation Index System is established according to the Green Development Index System issued by the Chinese government in 2016, and then the applicability of the Spatio-Temporal Factor Analysis (STFA) is verified as the evaluation method of the provincial ecological civilization construction level. Further, taking Jiangsu Province, China as an example, this paper evaluates the level of ecological civilization construction in each city of Jiangsu Province, and analyzes the main factors affecting ecological civilization based on the evaluation results. Finally, according to the relationship between the ecological civilization construction and economic quality of each city, the four-quadrant method is applied to divide Jiangsu Province into four types of regions to help each city position itself in ecological civilization construction. This paper mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) Due to its simple operation and accurate evaluation results, STFA is applicable in evaluating the provincial ecological civilization construction level. (2) Taking Jiangsu Province as an example, it is found that the level of ecological civilization construction in the southwestern region is higher than that of the northeast coastal region in Jiangsu. Three inequality indices are applied to measure the regional inequality of ecological civilization construction among 13 cities, which is relatively high in recent years. (3) By analyzing the results of STFA, it is found that economic quality and natural protection are not only the main factors affecting the ecological civilization construction in Jiangsu province, but also the main reasons for the regional heterogeneity of provincial ecological civilization. (4) For the four types of regions, suggestions are proposed according to the characteristics of each region to help improve the provincial ecological civilization construction level. This paper not only improves China's ecological civilization construction system, but also provides information for the provincial ecological civilization construction in developing countries.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/15/5334/pdf

How to Evaluate Provincial Ecological Civilization Construction? The Case of Jiangsu Province, China.

In this passage, we use the 1992–2010 statistics of 11 Western Provinces and Cities to build a panel model. Those statistics include carbon energy discharge volume, GDP per capita, population intensity, primary energy consumption structure and urbanization level and from this we get a conclusion that the carbon discharge volume, population intensity and urbanization all have a positive relationship with CO2 emission volume where coal energy consumption percentage is the major factor. Carbon discharge volume and GDP show a significant N type relationship which proves the environment Kuznets hypothesis is valid. It also reflects that in the future economic development, we should increase the energy consumption structure adjustment, highly improve the clean energy such as solar energy, nuclear energy and wind energy to lower the percentage of coal in primary energy consumption structure, and rapidly study the energy-saving and low-carbon technology to finally realize the sustainable development of energy, economy and environment.

Environmental Kuznets Curve of Industrial Carbon Emissions Analysis in the West of China

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Environmental Kuznets Curve of Industrial Carbon Emissions Analysis in the West of China