Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease posing a severe threat to public health in the world, especially to pregnant women. Currently, no specific treatments are available for HEV infection. Therefore, it is crucial to develop vaccine to prevent this infection. Although several potential candidate vaccines against HEV have been studied for their immunogenicity and efficacy, only Hecolin® which is developed by Xiamen Innovax Biotech Co., Ltd. and approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2012, is the licensed HEV vaccine in the world so far. Extensive studies on safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in phase III clinical trials have shown that Hecolin® is a promising vaccine for HEV prevention and control. In this article, the advances on HEV vaccine development and research are briefly reviewed.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21645515.2018.1469591

Development of new hepatitis E vaccines.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus among swine in China from 2010 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatitis E caused by hepatitis E viruses of the genotype 3 (HEV-3) is a major health concern in industrialized countries and due to its zoonotic character requires a "One Health" approach to unravel routes and sources of transmission. Knowing the viral diversity present in reservoir hosts, i.e., pigs but also wild boars, is an important prerequisite for molecular epidemiology. The aim of this study was to gain primary information on the diversity of HEV-3 subtypes present along the food chain in Switzerland, as well as the diversity within these subtypes. To this end, samples of domestic pigs from slaughterhouses and carcass collection points, as well as from hunted wild boars, were tested for HEV RNA and antibodies. HEV positive meat products were provided by food testing labs. The HEV subtypes were determined using Sanger and next generation sequencing. The genetic analyses confirmed the predominance of a Swiss-specific cluster within subtype HEV-3h in pigs, meat products, and wild boars. This cluster, which may result from local virus evolution due to the isolated Swiss pig industry, supports fast differentiation of domestic and imported infections with HEV.

Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis E Virus Type 3 in Switzerland-From Stable to Table.

The invention discloses a G type enterovirus detecting immunofluorescent reagent and a G type enterovirus immunofluorescent detecting kit. The immunofluorescent reagent is a VP1 monoclonal antibody capable of being labeled with a fluorescent dye, the VP1 monoclonal antibody is obtained by utilizing VP1 protein of the G type enterovirus and adopting a hybridoma monoclonal antibody preparation technology, and the amino acid sequence of the VP1 protein is shown as the sequence table SEQ ID NO.2. The immunofluorescent reagent and the detecting kit can be used for rapid diagnosis of G type enterovirus infection in clinic, and can also be used for localization and identification of a G type enterovirus pathogen in tissue; the direct immunofluorescent detecting time is short, and report results can be generated in 40 min; the specificity is strong, and reaction can only be conducted with the G type enterovirus; the repeatability is good, the accuracy is high, the coincidence rate to an indirect immunofluorescence method can reach 90% or above, and the immunofluorescent reagent and the detecting kit can be used for rapid diagnosis of the G type enterovirus infection.

G type enterovirus direct immunofluorescent reagent and kit

The invention discloses a double-antibody sandwich ELISA kit for detecting a G type enterovirus pathogen. The VP1 gene of which the base sequence is shown as the sequence table SEQ ID NO.1 is adopted to express VP1 protein, BALB/C mice are immunized to prepare a monoclonal antibody which is the captured antibody, adult healthy rabbits are immunized to prepare a polyclonal antibody, and horse radish peroxidase (HRP) is marked. Both the safety and the RT-PCR detection results meet 100% coincidence rate. The kit can be preserved at 4 DEG C for 6 months, and the detecting results have no obvious difference from that of the conventional method.

Double-antibody sandwich ELISA detecting kit for detecting G type enterovirus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging disease with zoonotic transmission that represents a serious public health concern, especially in developing countries. Here we characterize a novel HEV strain CCST-517, which possesses a complete genome sequence of 7284 bp with typical HEV genome organization including 5′ and 3′ non-coding regions and three open reading frames. The sequence identities of CCST-517 with known HEV genotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 73.4–73.7, 73.2, 80.4–90.4, and 75.1–75.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered CCST-517 to the clade of HEV genotype 3a, together with the Japanese human HEV isolate (HE-JA10) and United States human HEV isolate (HEV-US2). Similarity plot analysis indicated that the fragment extending from 4500 to 5500 nt included evidence of one intra-genotype recombination event in the genome sequence of the CCST-517 strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HEV genotype 3a with its complete genome sequence revealed in China. Our findings revealed a close phylogenetic relationship of CCST-517 to human HEV-US2 and HE-JA10, implying cross-species transmission of HEV between pigs and humans.

A novel subgenotype 3a hepatitis E virus isolated from pigs in China.

The invention discloses an immunofluorescence reagent for detecting an E-type enterovirus and a detection kit thereof. A direct immunofluorescence detection method set up by applying the immunofluorescence reagent for detecting the E-type enterovirus can be used for clinically fast diagnosing E-type enterovirus infection and used for positioning and authenticating an E-type enterovirus antigen in tissue. The time for direct immunofluorescence detection is short, and a result can be reported within 40 min; specificity is high, and the immunofluorescence reagent only reacts with the E-type enterovirus; the immunofluorescence reagent is high in repeatability and accuracy, the coincidence rate between results of immunofluorescence reagent and results of an indirect immunofluorescence method is 90% or more, and the immunofluorescence reagent can be used for fast diagnosing E-type enterovirus infection.

Immunofluorescence reagent for detecting E-type enterovirus and detection kit thereof

Riemerella anatipestifer GldG is necessary for secretion of effectors by type IX secretion system.

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A novel subgenotype 3a hepatitis E virus isolated from pigs in China.

Immunofluorescence reagent for detecting E-type enterovirus and detection kit thereof

Riemerella anatipestifer GldG is necessary for secretion of effectors by type IX secretion system.