Advances in the plant protein extraction: Mechanism and recommendations

Rice bran: Nutritional values and its emerging potential for development of functional food—A review

Effect of radio frequency treatment on functional, structural and thermal behaviors of protein isolates in rice bran

Rice bran oil extraction using alcoholic solvents: Physicochemical characterization of oil and protein fraction functionality

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the structure and functionality of chicken bone protein prepared by enzymatic method.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.

Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers.

Synopsis The research problem This study investigates whether auditors who participate in philanthropic activities (hereafter “philanthropic auditors”) have stronger incentives to deliver high-quality audits than the auditors who do not participate. Motivation Prior studies call for research that examines the difference in audit quality across individual auditors. In recent years, regulators in developed markets, such as the United States and the European Union, have also promulgated new regulations requiring audit firms or public companies to disclose the names of engagement partners. Another growing body of literature examines the effect of economic agents’ personal traits on their decisions and/or firm policies and practices. By examining the impact of individual auditors’ unobservable personal traits on audit quality, measured through their philanthropic actions, we link and contribute to both streams of the above literature. The test hypotheses We test a null hypothesis in this study: individual auditors’ philanthropic activity is not related to their audit quality. Target population Stakeholders of high-quality auditing including accounting regulators, audit firm partners, and company managers. Adopted methodology Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and archival data. Analyses In a sample of more than 19,000 Chinese firm-years from 2008 to 2017, we identified 9.40% of the observations were signed by at least one auditor who contributes either money or time to a charitable activity. We used two measures of audit quality: the propensity to issue modified audit opinions (MAOs) and unsigned abnormal discretionary accruals. Findings First, we find that philanthropic auditors are significantly more likely to issue MAOs than are their non-philanthropic counterparts. Second, they are more likely to issue MAOs to distressed companies but not to financially healthy companies. The higher propensity of philanthropic auditors to issue MAOs indicates higher audit quality rather than a higher level of audit conservatism. Third, financial statements audited by philanthropic auditors contain significantly lower discretionary accruals (DACC). Fourth, to mitigate the concern that endogeneity drives our findings, we implement the propensity score matching (PSM) approach and the client fixed effects model. Our finding that philanthropic auditors provide higher-quality audit services than other auditors holds. Fifth, the main results are robust to the inclusion of other individual auditor characteristics, such as gender, educational background, and political affiliation, and to several proxies for individual auditors’ wealth.

Do Philanthropic Auditors Provide Higher-Quality Audit Services? Evidence From China

Wang Ch., Xu F., Li D., Zhang M. (2015): Physico-chemical and structural properties of four rice bran protein fractions based on the multiple solvent extraction method. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 283–291. The physicochemical and structural properties of the concentrated rice bran protein (CRBP) and rice bran protein fractions – RBPF (globulin , prolamin, and glutelin) were investigated on the basis of multiple solvent extrac tion method. T he protein fractions mainly consisted of essential amino acids except for prolamin . The a mino acid composition of concentrated protein was superior to soybean protein isolation, such as valine, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, and histidine, with similar characteristics of solubility, emulsification, and foaming . Based on the dif ference in amino acid composition, a ll these five proteins showed relatively high surface hydrophobicity more than 369.3 of prolamin . CRBP and RBPF were composed of different molecular subunits in SDS-PAGE profile. The circular dichroism spectra (CDS) in synergy showed that the primary structures of RBPF were β- protein folding and random coils with various denaturation temperatures in the range of 78.69°C for glutelin and 92.88°C for globulin . The fluorescence spectrometry assays showed that the blue shift occurred at 348 nm for globulin , while the red shift occurred for the concentrated protein, albumin, and globulin at 356.2, 348.6, and 347.0 nm, respectively . Therefore, the research presents the basic characterisation for further application of natural rice bran protein in the food industry.

/pdf/physico-chemical-and-structural-properties-of-four-rice-bran-4q5uu18r4r.pdf

Physico-chemical and structural properties of four rice bran protein fractions based on the multiple solvent extraction method.

Two different methods for extracting fractionated rice bran protein (FRBP) from defatted rice bran were investigated according to the solubility of protein in different extraction solvents. The yields of the obtained proteins and their purity were first compared. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differential scanning calorimetry, protein surface hydrophobicity, and protein secondary molecular structure analyses were subsequently applied to identify and compare the compositional, structural, and functional characteristics of the obtained proteins. The highest yield (13.8%, w/w) and purity (45–47%) of FRBP products were obtained using 0.4 M NaCl, 80% ethanol, and 0.01 M NaOH as extraction solvents to fractionate albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin. Several good properties were exhibited, including good functionality, specific denaturation temperature, and enthalpy values, for FRBP products prepared by the above method.

/pdf/comparison-of-two-methods-for-the-extraction-of-fractionated-2nx9zf8ezi.pdf

Comparison of Two Methods for the Extraction of Fractionated Rice Bran Protein

Despite the ubiquity of the Boston naming test (BNT) in clinical practice and research, concerns have been expressed about its poor quality pictures, insufficient psychometric properties, and cultural bias in non-English language backgrounds. We modified the black-and-white BNT with a set of color pictures since color effects have been suggested to improve naming accuracy in the visual naming test. This study aimed to examine and compare the reliability and validity of the color-picture version of BNT (CP-BNT) and the black-and-white version of BNT (BW-BNT) to differentiate amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the cognitive normals. This study included two subgroups, and each subgroup had 101 normal controls, 51 aMCI, and 52 mild AD. One subgroup undertook BW-BNT and the other conducted CP-BNT. The reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and the diagnostic accuracy of two versions of BNT were evaluated. The CP-BNT showed a greater area under the curve (AUC) than the BW-BNT for aMCI (80.3 vs.s 69.4%) and mild AD (93.5 vs. 77.6%). The CP-BNT also demonstrated better convergent validity with CDR global scores and better reliability (Cronbach's coefficient 0.66 for the CP-BNT vs. 0.55 for the BW-BNT). At the optimal cutoff value of spontaneous naming, the CP-BNT demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity for differentiating mild AD from NC with a higher positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and lower false-positive rate. Compared with BW-BNT, CP-BNT is a more reliable and valid test to assess cognitive and naming impairment.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.884460/pdf

A Color-Picture Version of Boston Naming Test Outperformed the Black-and-White Version in Discriminating Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease

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