https://www.natap.org/2007/HIV/PIIS0140673607610502.pdf

Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00450.x

Cancer after kidney transplantation in the United States.

Many complications after renal transplantation can be prevented if they are detected early. Guidelines have been developed for the prevention of diseases in the general popu- lation, but there are no comprehensive guidelines for the pre- vention of diseases and complications after renal transplanta- tion. Therefore, the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Transplantation developed these guidelines to help physicians and other health care workers provide optimal care for renal transplant recipients. The guide- lines are also intended to indirectly help patients receive the access to care that they need to ensure long-term allograft survival, by attempting to systematically define what that care encompasses. The guidelines are applicable to all adult and pediatric renal transplant recipients, and they cover the outpa- tient screening for and prevention of diseases and complica- tions that commonly occur after renal transplantation. They do not cover the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and compli- cations after they become manifest, and they do not cover the pretransplant evaluation of renal transplant candidates. The guidelines are comprehensive, but they do not pretend to cover every aspect of care. As much as possible, the guidelines are evidence-based, and each recommendation has been given a subjective grade to indicate the strength of evidence that sup- ports the recommendation. It is hoped that these guidelines will provide a framework for additional discussion and research that will improve the care of renal transplant recipients.

Recommendations for the Outpatient Surveillance of Renal Transplant Recipients

The 2020 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Candidates for Kidney Transplantation is intended to assist health care professionals worldwide who evaluate and manage potential candidates for deceased or living donor kidney transplantation. This guideline addresses general candidacy issues such as access to transplantation, patient demographic and health status factors, and immunological and psychosocial assessment. The roles of various risk factors and comorbid conditions governing an individual's suitability for transplantation such as adherence, tobacco use, diabetes, obesity, perioperative issues, causes of kidney failure, infections, malignancy, pulmonary disease, cardiac and peripheral arterial disease, neurologic disease, gastrointestinal and liver disease, hematologic disease, and bone and mineral disorder are also addressed. This guideline provides recommendations for evaluation of individual aspects of a candidate's profile such that each risk factor and comorbidity are considered separately. The goal is to assist the clinical team to assimilate all data relevant to an individual, consider this within their local health context, and make an overall judgment on candidacy for transplantation. The guideline development process followed the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Guideline recommendations are primarily based on systematic reviews of relevant studies and our assessment of the quality of that evidence, and the strengths of recommendations are provided. Limitations of the evidence are discussed with differences from previous guidelines noted and suggestions for future research are also provided.

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/266238/15F1B560-37DA-45A8-BD43-3FDED3E6A14B.pdf

KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the evaluation and management of candidates for kidney transplantation

Objective:To systematically review and summarize the evidence of an association between preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type.Background:The conclusions of studies examining the association between preoperative smoking and postoperative complicat

Preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cigarette smoking increases the risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease in the general population, but the effects of smoking in renal transplant recipients are unknown. The effects of smoking were investigated among patients transplanted at Hennepin County Medical Center between 1963 and 1997. Information on smoking was available in 1334 patients. The 24.7% prevalence of smoking at the time of transplantation was similar to that in the general population. After adjusting for multiple predictors of graft failure, smoking more than 25 pack-years at transplantation (compared to smoking less than 25 pack-years or never having smoked) was associated with a 30% higher risk of graft failure (relative risk 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.63; P = 0.021). Having quit smoking more than 5 yr before transplantation reduced the relative risk of graft failure by 34% (relative risk 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.85; P < 0.001). The increase in graft failure was due to an increase in deaths (adjusted relative risk 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.87; P = 0.012). The relative risk for major cardiovascular disease events with smoking 11 to 25 pack-years at transplant was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.31; P = 0.024), whereas that of smoking more than 25 pack-years was 2.14 (95% CI, 1.49 to 3.08; P < 0.001). The relative risk of invasive malignancies was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.05 to 3.48; P = 0.032). Smoking had no discernible effect on the rate of return to dialysis or on serum creatinine during the first year after transplantation. Thus, cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of death after renal transplantation. The effects of smoking appear to dissipate 5 yr after quitting. These results indirectly suggest that greater efforts to encourage patients to quit smoking before transplantation may decrease morbidity and mortality.

/pdf/cigarette-smoking-in-renal-transplant-recipients-dlu6awcmqr.pdf

Cigarette Smoking in Renal Transplant Recipients

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Cigarette Smoking in Renal Transplant Recipients