Carbon nanotubes1, 2 might be usefully employed in nanometre-scale engineering and electronics. Electrical conductivity measurements on the bulk material3, 4, on individual multi-walled5, 6 and single-walled7 nanotubes and on bundles of single-walled nanotubes8, 9 have revealed that they may behave as metallic, insulating or semiconducting nanowires, depending on the method of production—which controls the degree of graphitization, the helicity and the diameter. Measurements of Young's modulus show10 that single nanotubes are stiffer than commercial carbon fibres. Methods commonly used to generate nanotubes—carbon-arc discharge techniques1, 2, 4, catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons11, 12 and condensed-phase electrolysis13, 14—generally suffer from the drawbacks that polyhedral particles are also formed and that the dimensions of the nanotubes are highly variable. Here we describe a method for generating aligned carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis of 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine over thin films of a cobalt catalyst patterned on a silica substrate by laser etching. The use of a patterned catalyst apparently encourages the formation of aligned nanotubes. The method offers control over length (up to about 50 mum) and fairly uniform diameters (30–50 nm), as well as producing nanotubes in high yield, uncontaminated by polyhedral particles.

Controlled production of aligned-nanotube bundles

Current trends in interfacial polymerization chemistry

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of neoglycoproteins. A neoglycoprotein is defined as a glycoprotein produced chemically, in vitro , by the covalent attachment of monosaccharides or oligosaccharides to proteins that may or may not already contain naturally occurring, covalently bound carbohydrate. Excluded from this category are glycoproteins whose carbohydrate moieties are extended, in vitro , by glycosyltransferases, or altered by enzymes or other reagents. The applications of neoglycoproteins for investigating the contribution of carbohydrate to the functions mediated by glycoproteins are only now beginning to be explored. The ways in which neoglycoproteins have been used to study lectins and carbohydrate-specific antibodies could be extended to the study of other carbohydrate-binding proteins such as glycosyltransferases. Neoglycoproteins may also serve as soluble inhibitors of processes that are apparently glycoconjugate-mediated such as cell-cell adhesion. Still another possible approach to investigate the role of carbohydrate in the behavior of cells would be to attach new sugars to the cell surface by using the methods developed to prepare neoglycoproteins. The chapter describes the preparation of neoglycoproteins and desired characteristics of modification reactions. It discusses the properties of neoglycoproteins and elaborates the applications of neoglycoproteins and modification reactions.

Neoglycoproteins: the preparation and application of synthetic glycoproteins.

New Polymers for Special Applications

Effective spatially addressed parallel assembly of trisamino- and amino-oxy-1,3,5-triazines was achieved by applying the SPOT-synthesis technique on cellulose and polypropylene membranes. In addition to developing a suitable linker strategy and employing amines and phenolate ions as building blocks, a highly effective microwave-assisted nucleophilic substitution procedure at membrane-bound monochlorotriazines was developed. The 1,3,5-triazines obtained could be cleaved in parallel from the solid support by TFA vapor to give compounds adsorbed on the membrane surface in a conserved spatially addressed format for analysis and screening. The reaction conditions developed were employed for the synthesis of 8000 cellulose-bound 1,3,5-triazines which were probed in parallel for binding to the anti-transforming growth factor-α monoclonal antibody Tab2 in order to identify epitope mimics.

Spatially addressed synthesis of amino- and amino-oxy-substituted 1, 3,5-triazine arrays on polymeric membranes.

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. I. Aminochloro-s-triazines

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. III. Alkoxy-s-triazines

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. II. Substituted Melamines

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. V. Reaction of Alkoxy-s-triazines and Aryloxy-s-triazines with Amines

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. VII. Transesterification Reactions of Alkoxy-s-triazines. Polyammelide Ethers

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