A keratin hydrogel-filled implantable prosthetic device. One device is a breast implant for augmenting or reconstructing a human breast including an envelope containing a keratin hydrogel. One keratin hydrogel is formed from a solid precursor which forms a keratin hydrogel upon addition of water. One source of keratin is human hair. In one method, an envelope suitable for implantation and a solid keratin hydrogel precursor are provided. The solid can be in fibrous or powder form. The solid precursor can be inserted into the envelope interior. A small incision near the breast can be made and the envelope inserted into the incision. After insertion, water can be injected into the envelope interior, preferably through the incision and through a self-sealing port in the envelope. In one method, the implant is provided as a kit, with the envelope and keratin hydrogel provided. The hydrogel can be injected into the envelope either before or after insertion into the breast area. One kit has a powdered, keratin hydrogel precursor disposed within the envelope interior, awaiting the addition of water, preferably after insertion of the implant into the body.

Implantable prosthetic or tissue expanding device

Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Abomasal Infusion of Amino Acids

Nutrition and hair: deficiencies and supplements.

Effects of Graded Amounts of Duodenal Infusions of Methionine on the Mammary Uptake of Major Milk Precursors In Dairy Cows

Mammalian hair growth is reduced by applying to the skin a composition including an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.

Inhibition of hair growth

Plasma amino acid patterns were studied in sheep receiving varying amounts of DL- or L-methionine (0'6-10·0 g/day) or L-cystine (2·0 and 8·0 g/day) as abomasal supplements or DL-methionine (10 g/day) as a dietary supplement.

/pdf/plasma-amino-acid-patterns-in-sheep-receiving-abomasal-4n8vq1nz97.pdf

Plasma amino acid patterns in sheep receiving abomasal infusions of methionine and cystine.

The relative importance for wool growth of energy-yielding nutrients compared with amino acids required for incorporation into wool proteins was assessed in an experiment in which most nutrients were supplied via the abomasum. Nine nutritional treatments, providing three levels of protein (53, 99 and 145 g/day) to the intestines at three levels of energy (5.2, 7.5 and 9.7 MJ/day), were given to 12 Merino sheep during three consecutive periods of 3 weeks in a balanced lattice design. Abomasal nutrients consisted of varying proportions of casein, whole milk, glucose and glycerol. There was a large effect of protein supply on all components of wool growth, but there was no significant effect of energy. There was a significant interaction between the effects of protein and energy supply on diameter, length growth rate and volume of wool, but it was small relative to the main effect of protein. Extra energy appeared to enhance wool growth at the highest level of protein but reduce it at the lowest level of protein. The concentration of urea, cystine, methionine and other essential amino acids in plasma increased with protein level. Increasing energy supply reduced the concentration of urea and essential amino acids in plasma but not that of cystine or methionine. The experiment confirmed the major role of amino acid supply in controlling wool growth but indicated that there may be a small interaction with energy supply.

Effects of Abomasal Protein and Energy Supply on Wool Growth in Merino Sheep

Intravenous or intraperitoneal infusions of either L-cysteine (2, 0 gjday) or L-methionine (2·5 gjday) for 20 days increased wool diameter and its length growth rate, the main increases occurring during the first 8 days of infusion. Thus parenteral administration of these amino acids is effective in stimulating wool growth. The metabolic fate of small and large doses of L-[35S]cystine, administered either intravenously or intraperitoneally was studied. Experiments using [35S]cystine as a tracer showed that intraperitoneal depots of about 50 g cystine were absorbed at a fast enough rate to stimulate wool growth. A similar dose of L-[35S]cystine was also administered subcutaneously, but the administration of this amount caused obvious discomfort to the sheep and subcutaneous injection was not studied further. Doses of 25-100 g of L-cystine, injected intraperitoneally, produced significant increases in wool growth and in sulphur content of the wool for a period of about 10 weeks. The r~sults for individual sheep were variable, but the mean maximum wool growth rate, 27% above the basal rate, occurred during the second 2-week period. Intraperitoneally administered DL-methionine (25-100 g) was absorbed and metabolized too rapidly to provide a useful supplement for wool growth.

Metabolic fate of parenterally administered sulphur-containing amino acids in sheep and effects on growth and composition of wool.

Development of the epidermis has been studied in the brush·tailed possum T. vulpecula. Although the epidermis is thin at birth (about 12 !Lm), there is a four· to fivefold increase in epidermal thickness during the first 21 days after birth. However, when the young first emerge from the pouch, at about 120 days, the epidermis has returned to the thickness seen at birth. The thickness in adults is usually about 15 !Lm. Hair follicles differentiate from the epidermis of pouch young throughout the period of increasing epidermal thickness and during most of the subsequent period of decreasing thickness.

/pdf/development-of-the-epidermis-of-the-marsupial-trichosurus-1nbk5h7q2p.pdf

Development of the Epidermis of the Marsupial Trichosurus Vulpecula

Oral doses of mimosine (ranging from 400 to 800 mg/kg body weight) were given to 71 sheep, either as two successive daily doses (10 sheep) or as a single dose (61 sheep). The effectiveness of these treatments for defleecing was assessed and in some sheep measurements were made of the concentration of mimosine in plasma after dosing, and of the rate of wool growth before and after dosing. In addition, the effectiveness as defleecing agents of two related compounds (an analogue of mimosine, 'isomimosine', and a metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (DHP)) was assessed. Two successive daily doses of mimosine (300 mg/kg/day) allowed all sheep to be defleeced. With sheep consuming a daily ration of 600 g, a single oral dose of mimosine (400 mg/kg) was sufficient to allow defleecing of most sheep; when the daily ration was 1200 g, a dose of 600 mg/kg was required to allow defleecing of most sheep. The effectiveness of oral doses for defleecing could be explained by the absorption of mimosine over a period in excess of 24 hr. Concentrations of mimosine in plasma were usually above 100 µmoles/l 24 hr after an effective dose. Failure to achieve complete cessation of fibre growth occurred occasionally, irrespective of dose level, and two sheep died after dosing. Fasting prior to dosing appeared to obviate the effects of previous high nutrition, but increased the risk of toxic effects. Fasting resulted in exceptionally high concentrations of mimosine in plasma (200–300 µmoles/l) 1 and 2 days after dosing. Both fibre diameter and mass of wool grown were increased in the early regrowth after dosing with mimosine. 'Isomimosine' had a similar potency to mimosine for stopping fibre growth in sheep, whether given as an intravenous infusion or as a single oral dose. DHP, given as an intravenous infusion, was ineffective as a defleecing agent.

Mimosine, administered orally, and two related compounds of chemical defleecing agents for sheep

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