Growth of adipose tissues in cattle; partitioning between depots, chemical composition and cellularity. A review

Mature Angus-cross beef cows (n = 228) were used to evaluate effects of prepartum dietary energy source on postnatal growth and carcass composition of progeny in a 2-yr study. Starting at approximately 160 d of gestation, cows were fed diets consisting of 1 of 3 primary energy sources: grass hay (HY), corn (CN), or dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DG). The CN and DG diets were limit-fed to achieve similar energy intakes as cows fed HY. Following parturition, cows were fed a common diet and managed as a single group. Calves were weaned at an average of 185 ± 6 d of age and backgrounded for 28 d. A subset of progeny (n = 134) was individually fed a common finishing diet until slaughter, when each calf reached 1.2 ± 0.05 cm of backfat. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted in year 2 on 4 calves/treatment after 41 and 111 d on the finishing diet (DOF). Calf birth weights were greater (P = 0.002) in calves from cows fed CN and DG than calves from cows fed HY, and weaning BW (P = 0.08) was less for calves from cows fed HY vs. CN. Receiving BW, final BW, and HCW did not differ (P ≥ 0.16) among treatments. No difference (P ≥ 0.28) in ADG, morbidity, and mortality from birth to slaughter was observed among treatments. In response to a GTT, increased DOF resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.005) fasting insulin, faster glucose disappearance rate, and greater insulin:glucose area under the curve ratio. Glucose disappearance rate was greater (P = 0.01) in calves from cows fed CN than in calves from cows fed HY or DG. A greater initial insulin response (P = 0.005) was observed in calves from cows fed CN or DG than in calves from cows fed HY. Carcass traits used to measure yield grade did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) among treatments. Calves from dams fed CN had the lowest marbling score (P = 0.03) and intramuscular fat content (P = 0.07). These results indicate that prepartum maternal dietary energy source can alter fetal adipose tissue development and insulin sensitivity resulting in long-term effects on progeny's intramuscular fat deposition. Moreover, present findings suggest that increasing the number of days on a corn-based finishing diet increases insulin resistance in beef cattle.

Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: II. Effects on progeny postnatal growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition.

Assessment of body potassium stores

In trimmed muscle types of four game species the dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash, Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents were determined. Samples of the m. semimembranosus and m. longissimus dorsi of each of 10 red deer, fallow deer, roe-deer and wild boars from the Southwestern region of Hungary in the end-winter period were analyzed, and mean values, related to dry matter, were compared. The game muscle samples had much lower crude fat, more Ca, P and microelements, especially Cu and Fe, when compared with published data for the respective muscles of domestic animals.

Nutrient composition of muscles in deer and boar

Eighteen Double Muscled (DM), 18 Beef Synthetic (SY) and 18 Hereford (HE) bulls were serially slaughtered from approximately 250 to 800 kg liveweight to determine the influence of maturity type and "double muscling" on tissue growth patterns and compositional differences which were examined by using the allometric equation Y = aXb after transformation to common logarithms (log10). As liveweight (LW) increased, the proportions of total side fat (TSF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) increased, the proportions of total side muscle (TSM) and intermuscular fat (IMF) remained relatively constant and the proportion of total side bone (TSB) decreased. Relative to LW, DM had a similar growth rate for TSM and lower growth rates for TSF, SCF and IMF than HE and SY. All breed types had similar growth rates for TSB on LW. Relative to dissected side weight (DSW) and TSB, the DM bulls had a higher growth rate for TSM than did the HE and S Y bulls. Differences existed between DM and the more normal genotypes in carcass compos...

Growth patterns of muscle. fat and bone. and carcass composition of double muscled and normal cattle

Effect of Energy Intake Level and Influence of Breed and Sex on the Physical Composition of the Carcass of Cattle

Potassium Concentration in Bovine Muscle as Influenced by Carcass Location, Breed, Sex, Energy Intake, Age and Shrunk Body Weight

Effect of Level of Energy Intake and Influence of Breed and Sex on Growth of Fat Tissue and Distribution in the Bovine Carcass

Regression equations to predict the chemical composition of the carcass and empty body from carcass specific gravity were computed for Holstein and Angus cattle fed at two levels of energy (ad libitum or 65–70% of ad libitum). One hundred and forty-one Holstein and Angus bulls, steers and heifers were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 120 to 706 kg and at ages varying from 200 to 650 days. The specific gravity of the right side of the carcass and the chemical composition of the carcass and the empty body were determined. The linearities of the relationships between chemical composition and specific gravity were examined. Sex and breed did not influence (P > 0.05) the relationships between the water, ether extract and energy content of the carcass or empty body and specific gravity whereas the level of energy intake was found to have an effect (P < 0.01). The relationships between the percentage of empty body protein and specific gravity was influenced (P < 0.01) by sex and breed but was not altered...

Chemical composition and carcass specific gravity in cattle: effect of level of energy intake and influence of breed and sex

Effect of feed intake level and influence of breed and sex on the relationships between the physical composition of the bovine carcass and specific gravity.

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