Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

A brief review on experimental fluorosis.

Fluoride (F−) originating from many natural geologic sources and anthropogenic activities has imposed a substantial environmental health risk. More than 200 million people from more than 35 nations...

Fluoride and human health: Systematic appraisal of sources, exposures, metabolism, and toxicity

Tamarind seed coat ameliorates fluoride induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in A549 cells.

Fluoride induced hepatotoxicity has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. However, the mechanism underlying in the hepatotoxicity of experimental fluorosis remains obscure. The severity of fluoride toxicity was reduced by oral administration of certain plant derived antioxidants. Caffeic acid (CA) a polyphenolic compound has diverse range of pharmacological activity in the biological system. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CA, against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with 300 ppm of NaF via drinking water ad libitum alone and in combination with CA at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 30 days by oral intubation. CA treatment significantly prevented fluoride induced hepatic damage as evident from the histopathological studies and declined levels of serum fluoride and liver marker enzymes. A significant decrease in the levels of enzymatic (SOD2, CAT, GPx, and GSTpi class) and nonenzymatic (GSH and Vitamin C) antioxidants along with increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and nitrate levels by fluoride were also prevented in these groups. In addition, CA inhibits fluoride induced apoptosis by altering the Bax and caspase-3p20 expressions. Further, fluoride induced upregulation of Nox4, p38α MAPK, Hsp60, and downregulation of Hsp27 are the indicators for the detection of oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mitochondrial stress was also modulated by CA. These findings reveal that CA supplementation has a protective effect against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Caffeic acid, a phyto polyphenol mitigates fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats: A possible mechanism.

To evaluate the protective effect of tamarind pulp against fluoride (F)induced oxidative stress in the liver, adult female Wistar rats were treated daily for 45 days with sodium fluoride (300 ppm NaF = 136.7 ppm fluoride ion) in drinking water, alone or in combination with tamarind pulp (20 mg/kg bw by oral intubation). Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and ascorbic acid level in the liver, and levels of calcium and F, plus activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum were determined 24 hr after the last treatment. In the NaF-treated animals, a significant increase in MDA content and a concomitant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and the ascorbic acid level in liver and increased activities of AST and ALT, and increased calcium and F concentrations in serum were observed. Administration of tamarind pulp together with NaF produced significant amelioration in all parameters studied, indicating that tamarind pulp is able to prevent free radical induced oxidative stress by F, attributable to its antioxidant property. It is concluded that tamarind pulp may be useful to prevent the oxidative damage caused by consumption of excessive amounts of F.

Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica (L) to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats.

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Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica (L) to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats.