Luminescence techniques for dating both heated materials (e.g., pottery and burnt stone) and sediments have gone through three phases in the past 50 years. The first 22 years, from 1957 to 1979, were devoted to thermoluminescence (TL) techniques applied to heated material. In the next six years, from 1979 to 1985, it was found that TL dating could be applied to sediments. However, the TL signals of both quartz and feldspar grains observed for modern sediments were small, but were not zero, thus making them useful only for older sediments. A new luminescence signal that was totally zeroed by exposure to sunlight for a relatively short period of time, a few hours or less, was found; this led to the development of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques in 1985. Further developments have continued to the present day. Within the past 22 years, 1999 was also a year with major developments. A reliable procedure for single aliquots of quartz that have a rapidly bleached (‘fast’) OSL component was formalized and an instrument that allowed rapid measurement of equivalent doses for single grains was constructed. These developments have led to OSL becoming a major dating tool in Quaternary geology, at least for the past 100 000 years, and in archaeology, particularly as related to the dispersal of modern humans.

Fifty years of luminescence dating

Isochron measurements of naturally irradiated K-feldspar grains

Archaeological involvements of physics

Thermoluminescent dating using zircon grains from archaeological ceramics

Palaeomagnetic field strength measurements for the last 50,000 years are summarized. The period before 12,000 yr bp** is characterized by low dipole moments, but high values are associated with the Lake Mungo polarity excursion between ~32,000 and 28,000 yr bp. The variation since 12,000 yr bp, based on new results from Australia
and published data from the Northern Hemisphere has a quasi-cyclic appearance with maxima at ~10,000 and ~3500 yr bp. The geomagnetic record is used to predict variations
in atmospheric 14C concentration, and the results are compared with independent comparisons between 14C and other dating methods. Long-term variations in the 14C time-scale are readily explained by known geomagnetic changes.

/pdf/geomagnetic-strength-over-the-last-50-000-years-and-changes-3twukjg6j9.pdf

Geomagnetic Strength Over the Last 50,000 Years and Changes in Atmospheric 14C Concentration: Emerging Trends

Combination of the routine approaches of thermoluminescence dating, the fine-grain and inclusion methods, allows an age to be determined that is independent of knowledge of the environmental dose-rate. This socalled subtraction technique is exampled by several terracottas of museum origin and some pottery collected from archaeological contexts without associated burial media. Age determination is estimated to have an accuracy of around ± 12%, in favourable conditions.

The subtraction technique of thermoluminescent dating

A comparative study is made of the thermoluminescence (TL) of terracottas of the Renaissance era and some known limitations of such ware dating to the middle of the last century. The data shows that conclusions on authenticity of an unknown work can be reliably obtained using this scientific method. Also examples are presented of accurate dating of genuine terracottas despite a lack of knowledge about the environmental circumstances of each piece's archaeological past.

Thermoluminescent authenticity study and dating of renaissance terracottas

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The subtraction technique of thermoluminescent dating

Thermoluminescent authenticity study and dating of renaissance terracottas