Regenerative Endodontic Treatment or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Plug in Teeth with Necrotic Pulps and Open Apices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Laboratory research in dentistry and dental education use extracted human teeth as a model for simulation for ex vivo procedures. Human-borne tissues are the first choice of material for bond strength assessment. To obtain comparable results in dental material tests and to ensure microbiological safety, specimens must be stored under specific, uniform conditions. The aim of this paper was to present the contemporary view and recommendations on preserving extracted human teeth. The antimicrobial properties of the storage medium are a crucial aspect, as extracted teeth pose a risk of cross-infection. A classification of different methods (using solutions and otherwise) is presented and their sterilizing efficiency is compared based on the literature. The emphasis is put on the interaction between the storage conditions and the substrate. Tooth specimens should be biologically safe and have normal mechanical properties. The sterilizing process must be neutral for the enamel and dentin microstructure, because even a minor change can affect the adhesive bonding. Autoclave sterilization and storage in 10% formalin solution are widespread and reliable methods, although they do have their disadvantages. There is a need for further investigation in order to establish uniform recommendations on preparing and preserving extracted human teeth used for research purposes.

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Extracted human teeth and their utility in dental research. Recommendations on proper preservation: A literature review.

Aim of this Study: The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of different sterilization methods on extracted human teeth (EHT) by a systematic review of in vitro randomized controlled trials. Methodology : An extensive electronic database literature search concerning the sterilization of EHT was conducted. The search terms used were “human teeth, sterilization, disinfection, randomized controlled trials, and infection control.” Randomized controlled trials which aim at comparing the efficiency of different methods of sterilization of EHT were all included in this systematic review. Results : Out of 1618 articles obtained, eight articles were selected for this systematic review. The sterilization methods reviewed were autoclaving, 10% formalin, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 2% glutaraldehyde, 0.1% thymol, and boiling to 100°C. Data were extracted from the selected individual studies and their findings were summarized. Conclusion: Autoclaving and 10% formalin can be considered as 100% efficient and reliable methods. While the use of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 2% glutaraldehyde, 0.1% thymol, and boiling to 100°C was inefficient and unreliable methods of sterilization of EHT.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on sterilization methods of extracted human teeth

Introduction: Extracted human teeth have been used commonly in dental institutions to train students acquire the skills to perform on live patients. No disinfectant mentioned in the literature as 100% effective is completely safe. Although there are studies on the effectiveness of disinfectants, assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the handling of extracted teeth among dental students are rare. Aims: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding handling of extracted teeth among the students of a dental college in Bhopal. Materials and Methods: A self-designed, close-ended questionnaire containing 16 questions was distributed to 500 students including the undergraduates and postgraduate students of a dental college in Bhopal. The questionnaire comprised 5 questions on knowledge, 5 on attitude and 6 on the practice towards handling of extracted human teeth. The responses were coded and entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS 14. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores across genders. Statistical significance of mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores across year of study was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 412 were returned with a response rate of 82.4%. The total mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 1.25 ± 1.12, 5.00 ± 1.12 and 4.89 ± 0.96 respectively. Comparison of mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores between genders was not significant. The difference in mean attitude and practice scores across year of study were statistically significant. Conclusions: Instructions regarding handling of extracted teeth need to be given to students when they enter the BDS curriculum. It's always safe to follow the guidelines issued by the Center for Disease Control while handling extracted teeth.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding handling of extracted human teeth among students of a dental college in Bhopal

Background: Dental undergraduate students work on extracted human teeth in preclinical practical’s to learn technical skills before entering the clinics and delivering dental care to the patients. Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to assess the awareness and knowledge toward sterilization/disinfection methods of extracted human teeth in a selected group of Indian dental students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive crossâÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂsectional study, the participants consisted of 2ndâÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ, 3rdâÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ, 4thâÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ, and 5thâÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂyear dental students. Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by Mann–Whitney UâÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂtest and Kruskal–Wallis test using SPSS software version 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: In this study, 235 dental students participated in the study. The average awareness and knowledge score was 7.27 (1.92). Based on the opinion of 57% (134/235) students, hydrogen peroxide was selected as the suitable material for sterilization and 24.6% (58/235) students believed that autoclave sterilization is a good way for the purpose. Conclusion: The results of this investigation indicated that awareness and knowledge of undergraduate dental students in relation to sterilization/disinfection methods of extracted human teeth were good. However, deficiencies were observed in relation to teaching the material and methods suitable for sterilization.

/pdf/awareness-and-knowledge-of-undergraduate-dental-students-1anwcgkgp8.pdf

Awareness and Knowledge of Undergraduate Dental Students about Sterilization/Disinfection Methods of Extracted Human Teeth

Context: Extracted human teeth are routinely used in dentistry to learn technical and preclinical skills. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has adopted guidelines for infection control of extracted teeth used for research and teaching, requiring that teeth be sterilized before use. Many of the proposed disinfection methods starting from use of formalin, sodium hypochlorite and to autoclaving have their own drawbacks and may not be practical. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of vinegar for disinfection/sterilization of extracted human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 extracted non-carious human teeth were kept in seven disinfectant media-10% formalin, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 70% alcohol, vinegar, neem extract and normal saline. Ten samples were placed in each disinfectant individually for a period of 7 days, at room temperature. In all, 10 teeth were treated with microwave irradiation at 650 W for 3 min. Later, teeth from each group were placed individually in separate test tubes containing 10 ml of tryptic soy broth at 37°C for 48 h to observe the evidence of growth of microorganisms. Semiquantitative analysis of all the samples was done in Clade agar at 37°C for 48 h. Statistical Analysis Used: The number of teeth disinfected in each group was compared using Chi square test. Results: 10% formalin, 3% hydrogen peroxide and vinegar were totally effective. The result was statistically significant with a Chi square value of 61.414 and P < 0.001. Conclusions: Vinegar can be used as an effective disinfectant medium for extracted human teeth.

Vinegar as a disinfectant of extracted human teeth for dental educational use.

Traumatic injury to an immature tooth may result in pulpal necrosis secondary to pulp canal obliteration, which makes the management of the tooth a clinical challenge for dentists. The present case report describes an innovative apical plug technique with mineral trioxide aggregate in a calcified immature tooth using an ultrasonic tip and long, thin, tapered fissure burs. The technique was proven to be successful clinically and radiographically at 2 years postobturation.

Apical plug technique in a calcified immature tooth: a case report

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Vinegar as a disinfectant of extracted human teeth for dental educational use.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding handling of extracted human teeth among students of a dental college in Bhopal

Apical plug technique in a calcified immature tooth: a case report