Advances in Plant Biopesticides

Mosquitoes, malaria and essential oils

Plants and plant-derived materials play an extremely important role in pest management programs. Essential oil from wood chips of Himalayan Cedar, Cedrus deodara (Roxburgh) Don (Pinales: Pinaceae), was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionated to pentane and acetonitrile from which himachalenes and atlantones enriched fractions were isolated. A total of forty compounds were identified from these fractions using GC and GC-MS analyses. Essential oils and fractions were evaluated for insecticidal activities against second instars of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), using a leaf dip method. All samples showed promising larvicidal activity against larvae of P. xylostella. The pentane fraction was the most toxic with a LC50 value of 287 µg/ml. The himachalenes enriched fraction was more toxic (LC50 = 362 µg/ml) than the atlantones enriched fraction (LC50 = 365 µg/ml). LC50 of crude oil was 425 µg/ml and acetonitrile fraction was LC50 = 815 µg/ml. The major constituents, himachalenes and atlantones, likely accounted for the insecticidal action. Present bioassay results revealed the potential for essential oil and different constituents of C. deodara as botanical larvicides for their use in pest management.

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-insect-science/volume-11/issue-157/031.011.15701/Chemical-Composition-and-Larvicidal-Activities-of-the-Himalayan-Cedar-Cedrus/10.1673/031.011.15701.pdf

Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activities of the Himalayan Cedar, Cedrus deodara Essential Oil and Its Fractions Against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

The mosquito repellent activity of phytochemical extracts from Peels of five citrus fruit species, Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonum,Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus reticulata and Citrus vitis, was investigated. The volatile phytochemical extracts were obtained from processed air-dried and powdered citrus fruit peels by Soxchlet extraction using Diethyl Ether as solvent. Five different concentrations, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (volume by volume) were prepared from each extract stock. Topical application of the extract concentrations on human volunteers revealed that 20% and 25% repelled mosquitoes 2 hours and 5 hours, respectively. Short-lived and mild skin itching and sneezing reactions were observed as side effects. This study has shown that phytochemical extracts from species of citrus fruit have good promise for topical repellence against mosquitoes generally.

/pdf/mosquito-repellent-activity-of-phytochemical-extracts-from-2u6axlopiq.pdf

Mosquito Repellent Activity Of Phytochemical Extracts From Peels Of Citrus Fruit Species

The repellence, attractance, and mortality of essential oils from several herb species cultivated in Argentina was evaluated on the stored grain pests Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. At a concentration of 22 μ1 of oil/liter of air, the essential oil of false camphor, Cinamommum glandulifera, attracted Sitophilus oryzae at a dose of 60 μl of oil/liter of air and the essential of rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis, was toxic to Tribolium castaneum. No repellent activity was observed with any of the essential oils tested.

Toxicology and repellent activity of essential oils on Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium castaneum Herbst.

Oils obtained from neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel, the Himalayan cedar wood (Cedrus deodara) and their combination (1:1) each at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations were tested against adults of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). Cedar wood oil exhibited highest fumigant potential at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations showing corrected inhibition (knock-down) of 100, 100 and 96%, respectively. While neem oil + cedar wood oil (1:1) at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations inhibited 96, 84 and 51.66%. The least corrected % knock-down of 62, 45 and 32 were observed by application of neem oil at 3, 2 and 1%, respectively, by Potters spray tower in 24 h of treatment. However, corrected percent mortality of the same study reveals highest mortality in the cedar wood oil rather than neem and their combinations. Topical application by Arnold hand microapplicator at the rate of 0.5 μl per insect at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations of both the oils and their combinations showed negligible mortality after 24 and 48 h of treatm...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09251619708951280

Biopotentials of Azadirachta indica and Cedrus deodara oils on Callosobruchus chinensis

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Biopotentials of Azadirachta indica and Cedrus deodara oils on Callosobruchus chinensis