We report the first observation of interference in the light scattered from two trapped atoms ({sup 198}Hg{sup +} ions localized in a linear Paul trap). The visibility of the interference fringes can be explained in the frame-work of Bragg scattering by a harmonic crystal, but with important differences compared to the case of a large crystal. Comparison of the experimental data with theory shows that the interference pattern offers another method to determine ion temperatures and separations. Furthermore, by exploiting the atom`s internal structure we have found a way to obtain {open_quotes}which path{close_quotes} information without invoking the position-momentum uncertainty relation. If the light scattered by the atoms is detected in a polarization-sensitive way, then it is possible to selectively demonstrate either the particle-nature or the wave-nature of the scattered photons.

Young`s interference experiment with light scattered from two atoms

The origin of the buckling of micrometer-sized colloidal droplets during evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) has been elucidated using electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering. Doughnut-like assembled grains with varying aspect ratios are formed during EISA at different physicochemical conditions. It has been revealed that this phenomenon is better explained by an existing hypothesis based on the formation of a viscoelastic shell of nanoparticles during drying than by other existing hypotheses based on the inertial instability of the initial droplets and hydrodynamic instability due to thermocapillary forces. This conclusion was further supported by the arrest of buckling through modification of the colloidal interaction in the initial dispersion.

Origin of buckling phenomenon during drying of micrometer-sized colloidal droplets.

Microencapsulates with defined core–shell structures are of interest for applications, such as controlled release and encapsulation, because of the feasibility of fine-tuning individual functionalities of different parts. Here, we report a new approach for efficient and scalable production of such particles. Eudragit RS (a co-polymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and a low content of methacrylic acid ester with quaternary ammonium groups) was used as the main shell component, with silica as the core component, formed upon a single-step spray-drying assembly. The method is capable of forming uniform core–shell particles from homogeneous precursors without the use of any organic solvents. Evaporation-induced self-assembly attained the phase separation among different components during drying, resulting in the core–shell spatial configuration, while precise control over particle uniformity was accomplished via a microfluidic jet spray dryer. Direct control over shell thickness can be achieved from ...

Facile spray-drying assembly of uniform microencapsulates with tunable core-shell structures and controlled release properties.

In the field of advanced sensor technology, metal oxide nanostructures are promising materials due to their high charge carrier mobility, easy fabrication and excellent stability. Among all the metal oxide semiconductors, nickel oxide (NiO) is a p-type semiconductor with a wide band gap and excellent optical, electrical and magnetic properties, which has not been much investigated. Herein, we report the growth of NiO nanowires by using the vapor liquid solid (VLS) technique for gas sensing applications. Platinum, palladium and gold have been used as a catalyst for the growth of NiO nanowires. The surface morphology of the nanowires was investigated through scanning electron microscopy to find out which catalyst and growth conditions are best for the growth of nanowires. GI-XRD and Raman spectroscopies were used to confirm the crystalline structure of the material. Different batches of sensors have been prepared, and their sensing performances towards different gas species such as carbon monoxide, ethanol, acetone and hydrogen have been explored. NiO nanowire sensors show interesting and promising performances towards hydrogen.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/27/20/205701/pdf

Nickel oxide nanowires: vapor liquid solid synthesis and integration into a gas sensing device.

Micrometric grains of anisotropic morphology have been achieved by evaporation-induced self-assembly of silica nanoparticles. The roles of polymer concentration and its molecular weight in controlling the buckling behavior of drying droplets during assembly have been investigated. Buckled doughnut grains have been observed in the case of only silica colloid. Such buckling of the drying droplet could be arrested by attaching poly(ethylene glycol) on the silica surface. The nature of buckling in the case of only silica as well as modified silica colloids has been explained in terms of theory of homogeneous elastic shell under capillary pressure. However, it has been observed that colloids, modified by polymer with relatively large molecular weight, gives rise to buckyball-type grains at higher concentration and could not be explained by the above theory. It has been demonstrated that the shell formed during drying of colloidal droplet in the presence of polymer becomes inhomogeneous due to the presence of soft polymer rich zones on the shell that act as buckling centers, resulting in buckyball-type grains.

Control of Buckling in Colloidal Droplets during Evaporation-Induced Assembly of Nanoparticles

Buckling-driven morphological transformation of droplets of a mixed colloidal suspension during evaporation-induced self-assembly by spray drying

ψ-function, the Generalized Ehrenfest Theorem re- veals some interesting exact relationships between quantum and classical expectation values. These general results seem to imply a deep-rooted unity (in spite of apparent radical differences in conceptual structures) between classical and quantum mechan- ics. Some significant consequences and important physical insights which follow from the general formulation are discussed with examples. Most im- portant is that it offers, under reasonable approx i- mations, a pure quantum mechanical description of the Stern-Gerlach experiment with realistic inhomo- geneous magnetic field (∇ ∇.B = 0). EVEN almost seventy-five years after the first formul a- tion of quantum mechanics (QM), its relation with clas - sical mechanics (CM) remains obscure. The usual belief that QM has superseded CM is also not well founded. In all cases where a new theory supersedes an old one, there is a universal prescription of recovering the mathematical structure of the old theory in the doma in of its validity, i.e. where it is empirically established. This is true for both special and general theory of rel a- tivity 1 . But for QM, no such universal approximation procedure can be offered. About the success and failure of the two mechanics we can make two positive asser- tions: (i) There are experimental results in the micr o- scopic domain (such as hydr ogen spectrum) or in the macroscopic domain (such as specific heat of so lids at low temperature) which cannot be interpreted within the framework of CM. (ii) In all such cases, the mathemat i- cal formalism of QM provides the correct empirical results. Not a single failure has yet been reported. These empirical evidences show that CM cannot be the universal mechanics and that QM has such a pote n- tiality. However, since it is not yet possible to recover CM in all the domains of its validity, we cannot assert that QM has superseded CM. A second alternative that

Significance of Ehrenfest theorem in quantum-classical relationship

Porosimetry of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy

Characterization of porous materials by small-angle scattering has been extensively pursued for several years now as the pores are often of mesoscopic size and compatible with the length scale accessible by the technique using both neutrons and X-rays as probing radiation. With the availability of ultra small-angle scattering instruments, one can investigate porous materials in the sub-micron length scale. Because of the increased accessible length scale vis-a-vis the multiple scattering effect, conventional data analysis procedures based on single scattering approximation quite often fail. The limitation of conventional data analysis procedures is also pronounced in the case of thick samples and long wavelength of the probing radiation. Effect of multiple scattering is manifested by broadening the scattering profile. Sample thickness for some technologically important materials is often significantly high, as the experimental samples have to replicate all its essential properties in the bulk material. Larger wavelength of the probing radiation is used in some cases to access large length scale and also to minimize the effect of double Bragg reflections.

Characterization of porous materials by small-angle scattering

The classical and quantum physics seem to divide nature into two domains macroscopic and microscopic. It is also certain that they accurately predict experimental results in their respective regions. However, the reduction theory, namely, the general derivation of classical results from the quantum mechanics is still a far cry. The outcome of some recent investigations suggests that there possibly does not exist any universal method for obtaining classical results from quantum mechanics. In the present work we intend to investigate the problem phenomenonwise and address specifically the phenomenon of scattering. We suggest a general approach to obtain the classical limit formula from the phase shiftδl, in the limiting value of a suitable parameter on whichδl depends. The classical result has been derived for three different potential fields in which the phase shifts are exactly known. Unlike the current wisdom that the classical limit can be reached only in the high energy regime it is found that the classical limit parameter in addition to other factors depends on the details of the potential fields. In the last section we have discussed the implications of the results obtained.

Classical limit of scattering in quantum mechanics—A general approach

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