Eco-friendly geopolymer prepared from solid wastes: A critical review.

Molarity Activity Effect on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of Geopolymer Concrete: A Review

Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and economic expansion are driving up demand for cement-based products, particularly concrete, resulting in high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. This instigated investigators to look for environmentally sustainable materials to replace conventional concrete, like geopolymer concrete (GPC). Moreover, despite four decades of extensive research on GPC, it has yet to be commercialized. This article presents a review explaining the need for GPC, as well as its sustainability benefits, and commercialization challenges and strategies. The sustainability analysis includes applications, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of GPC. The commercialization challenges deal with inconsistent material characterization and performance of GPC; complex transformation of the cement industry; and conflicting economic and environmental parameters of GPC. Finally, commercialization strategies describe the implementation of emission control policies, design codes and specifications, and awareness among people regarding GPC. It is concluded that geopolymeric materials have a wide range of applications owing to their environmental friendliness, higher strength, and enhanced endurance. However, comprehensive research is required to understand the inconsistencies in the performance of GPC prepared with similar constituents. Moreover, the bulk nonavailability of waste aluminosilicate sources with similar properties to be used in GPC is another major challenge, which may increase the cost and inconsistent performance of GPC. Of the different commercialization strategies discussed, the formulation of design codes and specifications is the most important strategy to commercialize GPC. This article will lay a strong foundation for future research that will work in a specific direction to eliminate conflicting views regarding the performance standards of GPC and disseminate a positive perception of GPC among stakeholders. • Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is being researched for the past 40 years but it is still not commercialized. • Inconsistencies in the properties and performance of GPC is the biggest challenge limiting its commercialization. • Economical GPC can be produced by reducing the transportation cost of raw materials and GPC to the construction site. • To reduce utilization of cement, hybrid policy structure should be imposed on cement and concrete industry. • Formulation of design codes and standards is the first step towards the commercialization of GPC. 

Sustainability benefits and commercialization challenges and strategies of geopolymer concrete: A review

Role of Industrial based Precursors in the Stabilization of weak soils with geopolymer- A Review

The main objective of this review is to study some important nanomaterials and their impact on the performance of geopolymer concrete. This paper is an investigation into trends and technology in the development of different nanomaterials to develop higher structural performance geopolymer concrete. The effect of the alkaline to binder and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio on the performances of geopolymer performances is studied. The relationship between setting time and slump is evaluated through the ternary plot, the variation in compressive strength values is evaluated using the kernel density plot, and the relationship between split tensile and flexural strength is investigated using the scattering interval plot. Regression analysis is carried out among water absorption and bulk-density result values obtained from previous literature. As the molarity and alkaline to binder (A/B) ratios increase, the strength development of geopolymer concrete increases up to a specific limit. The addition of a small quantity of nanomaterials, namely, nano silica, nano alumina, carbon nano tubes, and nano clay, led to the maximum strength development of geopolymer concrete. Incorporating these nanomaterials into the geopolymer significantly refines the structural stability, improving its durability. The various products in GP composites emerging from the incorporation of highly reactive SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis of nanomaterials reveal that the presence of nanomaterials, which enhances the rate of polymerization, leads to better performance of the geopolymer.

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Review on the Relationship between Nano Modifications of Geopolymer Concrete and Their Structural Characteristics

Comparative study on the behaviour of GPC using silica fume and fly ash with GGBS exposed to elevated temperature and ambient curing conditions

Effect of various alkaline binder ratio on geopolymer concrete under ambient curing condition

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Comparative study on the behaviour of GPC using silica fume and fly ash with GGBS exposed to elevated temperature and ambient curing conditions

Effect of various alkaline binder ratio on geopolymer concrete under ambient curing condition