Effect of ultrasonication and dispersion stability on the cluster size of alumina nanoscale particles in aqueous solutions

Hybrid nanocomposites based on crystalline nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrix have been widely studied in the past few years because of the ability of these materials to combine the properties of organic polymer and inorganic nanoparticles. The aim of this work is to tune the mechanical properties of a piezoelectric polymer by adding nanoparticles to the matrix. In this paper, alumina nanoparticles were dispersed in the copolymer P(VDF-TrFE), which exhibits high piezoelectric coefficient after polarization under high electric field without needing stretching during the polarization process. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate the high rate of welldispersed nanoparticles with 10% of alumina nanoparticles added to the matrix. Piezoelectric measurements indicate that P(VDF-TrFE) may be filled by up to 10 wt% of alumina while retaining its high piezoelectric properties and increasing its elastic constant by more than 20%, measured by Brillouin spectroscopy. This work opens a wide range of applications using nanoparticles with nonlinear optical, pyroelectric, magnetic, or ferroelectric properties.

Preparation and characterization of P(VDF-TrFE)/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite

This study is carried out on the effect of processing conditions including preparation methods, ultrasonication, film thickness, and thermal annealing on the thermal, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of copolymer of poly(vinylidene difluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)). Free-standing films and films on substrates are prepared by solvent casting and spin-coating, respectively. The results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry show that the Curie transition of the copolymer films was influenced by the preparation methods, with very little difference in the melting transition. The difference was attributed to a less uniform distribution of TrFE comonomer units within the crystalline and amorphous regions of the spin-coating films. However, no effect of the preparation methods on the piezoelectric properties of the films was observed. It is also found that the short ultrasonication, film thickness higher than critical value of crystallization of P(VDF-TrFE) (about 100 nm), and drying before annealing did not have a significant effect on the properties of the films. Surprisingly, the ultrasonication had a clear impact on the relaxations at high temperature of the polymer chains. In addition, this study indicates that a short annealing by 10 min at 140°C was enough to obtain well-crystallized films, which is interesting from the industrial point of view. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1280–1288, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Effect of ultrasonication and other processing conditions on the morphology, thermomechanical, and piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene difluoride‐trifluoroethylene) copolymer films

Resilience improvement of an isotactic polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride by crosslinking using polyether triamine agents

Brillouin spectroscopy (BS), or Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, is a very useful tool for studying mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. After a general presentation of the BS technique, with its theoretical basis, some technical considerations and the main scattering geometries used, some applications to polymers and polymer nanocomposites will be presented in this chapter. This chapter gives indications about what the important parameters for the sample are, and which should be considered by a reader aiming to perform a BS experiment: such as opacity, dimension, homogeneity, etc. The acoustic wave velocities, the elastic constants, the refractive index, various phase transitions, and in particular the glass transition temperature of polymers and nanocomposites are investigated from Brillouin scattering measurements. The variation of the storage modulus with the nanoparticle concentration is also explored. The fruitful coupling of Brillouin spectroscopy with other techniques is done with two examples. Brillouin and Raman spectroscopies monitor the in situ polymerization and the cross-linking processes during the network formation of epoxy, whereas the Brillouin scattering and friction experiment of nanocomposite correlate elastic modulus and tribological properties. Some references about the studies of biological systems are also provided.

Brillouin spectroscopy of polymer nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in a PMMA matrix have been successfully prepared and submitted to tribological tests and c11 measurements by Brillouin spectroscopy, so that to explore the elastic and wear behaviour of the material compared to pure PMMA. We show that the elastic constant and the stick-slip may be clearly different depending on the rate and the chemical bonding treatment of the nanoparticles. Correlation between these parameters is also discussed.

Nanocomposite PMMA/SiO2: Brillouin scattering and tribological study

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Nanocomposite PMMA/SiO2: Brillouin scattering and tribological study