Popliteal Arterial Entrapment (PAE) was first reported in 1879 by Stuart, a medical student at the University of Edinburgh. Mr. Stuart observed, during the dissection of an amputated leg of a 64-year-old man, a popliteal artery coursing around the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and aneurysmal changes in the popliteal artery distal to the point of external muscular compression [1]. The first case of PAE was surgically treated in 1959, in a 12year-old boy complaining of claudication after walking 300 meters. At surgical exploration, Hamming, at Leyden University in The Netherlands, found an occluded artery with an anomalous course medial to the medial gastrocnemius muscle. He transected the muscle and performed a successful popliteal artery thromboendarterectomy [2]. In 1979 Rich et al. published the first series of patients treated for PAE [3]. Many case reports were published in the ensuing years, as well as other small series [4]. Efforts to revise collective series were incomplet for lack of details and patient follow-up [5]. The functional form of entrapment was first described by Rignault et al. in 1985 in a report describes cases in which the anatomy of the popliteal fossa is normal [6].

Popliteal vascular entrapment.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: More common than previously recognized

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/0741-5214(94)90236-4/pdf

Popliteal vascular compression in a normal population

Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: A poorly understood and often missed diagnosis that is frequently mistreated

A patient with bilateral entrapment syndrome is reported, he only had symptoms of intermittent claudication with running. The "neutral angiograms" were normal, but the "dynamic angiographies" taken in the sustained active plantar flexion showed a complete occlusion of both popliteal arteries. No abnormalities, no anatomical trap were discovered at the time of surgery. The entrapment syndrome was caused by the muscular hyperdevelopment in this intensively trained athlete. That leads to the concept of "functional entrapment" versus "organic, anatomical entrapment". The diagnostic value of the invasive and non invasive techniques is discussed. Surgical exploration is diagnostic: this is the only means to rule out any organic anatomical entrapment. In a "functional entrapment" surgery may or may not be therapeutic.

The "functional" popliteal entrapment syndrome.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

D Rignault

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The "functional" popliteal entrapment syndrome.