A central challenge for the safe design of nanomaterials (NMs) is the inherent variability of NM properties, both as produced and as they interact with and evolve in, their surroundings. This has led to uncertainty in the literature regarding whether the biological and toxicological effects reported for NMs are related to specific NM properties themselves, or rather to the presence of impurities or physical effects such as agglomeration of particles. Thus, there is a strong need for systematic evaluation of the synthesis and processing parameters that lead to potential variability of different NM batches and the reproducible production of commonly utilized NMs. The work described here represents over three years of effort across 14 European laboratories to assess the reproducibility of nanoparticle properties produced by the same and modified synthesis routes for four of the OECD priority NMs (silica dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium dioxide and titanium dioxide) as well as amine-modified polystyrene NMs, which are frequently employed as positive controls for nanotoxicity studies. For 46 different batches of the selected NMs, all physicochemical descriptors as prioritized by the OECD have been fully characterized. The study represents the most complete assessment of NMs batch-to-batch variability performed to date and provides numerous important insights into the potential sources of variability of NMs and how these might be reduced.

/pdf/characterization-of-nanoparticle-batch-to-batch-variability-26c9up21db.pdf

Characterization of Nanoparticle Batch-To-Batch Variability.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1468-6996/16/6/065006/pdf

Towards sensible toxicity testing for nanomaterials: proposal for the specification of test design.

The JRC Repository distributes representative nanomaterials worldwide, for the harmonisation of test methods and for a better comparability of scientific data, supporting research and regulatory projects. This report describes the new sub-sampling facility with particular emphasis on safety aspects.

The JRC Nanomaterials Repository - Safe handling of nanomaterials in the sub-sampling facility

The connection between the mechanisms of protein adsorption on nanoparticles and the structural and functional properties of the adsorbed protein often remains unclear. We investigate porcine hemoglobin adsorption on silica nanoparticles, and we analyze the structural and functional modifications of adsorbed hemoglobin by UV-vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, and oxygen binding measurement. The structural analysis of adsorbed hemoglobin on silica nanoparticles reveals a significant loss of secondary structure and a preservation of the heme electronic structure. However, adsorbed hemoglobin retains its quaternary structure and exhibits an enhanced oxygen affinity with cooperative binding. Moreover, the structural and functional modifications are fully reversible after complete desorption from silica nanoparticles at pH 8.7. The tunable adsorption and desorption of hemoglobin on SNPs with pH change, and the full control of hemoglobin activity by pH, temperature, and the addition of inorganic phosphate effectors opens the way to an interesting system whereby protein adsorption on nanoparticles can allow for full control over hemoglobin oxygen binding activity. Our results suggest that adsorption of hemoglobin on silica nanoparticles leads to a new structural, functional, and dynamic state with full reversibility in a way that significantly differs from protein denaturation.

https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01510273/document

Structure and Function of Adsorbed Hemoglobin on Silica Nanoparticles: Relationship between the Adsorption Process and the Oxygen Binding Properties

Powder moisture content is a crucial parameter in many research and industry applications. Moisture content is required before conducting experiments, particularly when assessing nanomaterial risk using dustiness methods. Halogen moisture analyzers based on halogen technology are claimed to be more advantageous than other techniques for determining the moisture content of powders; they are rapid, accurate, reliable, cost effective and easy to use. However, no data in the open literature verify this claim, despite worldwide usage of these devices. In this technical note, we studied the performance of a representative halogen analyzer (HR83 manufactured by Mettler Toledo) for determining the water content of powder materials by comparing it with 3 reference thermogravimetric instruments. Our comparison covered 14 powders, of which 12 are nanoparticulate and representative of those most produced on an industrial scale. These test powders are of various chemical compositions (TiO2, SiO2, CuO and Gypsum CaSO4(H2O)1/2) and specific surface areas. Halogen technology was validated using 3 reference powder materials with known moisture contents. The biases on the reference values are within ±10% and the fairly small linearity in these biases confirmed the accuracy. The study gives good measurement repeatability using the halogen technology (5% in mean CV) and no significant differences in measured moisture content compared with reference devices were revealed. A relationship between the moisture contents and the powder specific surface areas (SSAs) was also highlighted. The powders characterized by high SSA values have the highest moisture contents. Overall, these results support the suitability of using the halogen technology to measure powder water content. More specifically, small companies and laboratories, which cannot invest in expensive sophisticated instruments, can effectively rely on halogen technology for this purpose.

Performance of the Halogen Technology for Determining the Moisture Content of Nanoparticulate Powders

Impact of batch variability on physicochemical properties of manufactured TiO2 and SiO2 nanopowders

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Impact of batch variability on physicochemical properties of manufactured TiO2 and SiO2 nanopowders