Factors influencing treatment time in orthodontic patients.

Factors that relate to treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines

The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the literature for articles referring exclusively to the duration of orthodontic therapy and to explore the various factors that could affect this. A Medline search from 1990 to the first week of March 2005 was conducted, the Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews was utilized, five orthodontic journals were hand searched, the abstracts of related articles were reviewed to search for any relevant studies that might have been missed, and the reference lists of the retrieved articles were hand assessed. Eligibility was determined by reading the reports identified by the search. The end result of this search provided 41 articles. Although there is a need for more conclusive research, the present review revealed several conclusions concerning the duration of orthodontic treatment: (1) there are indications that extraction treatment lasts longer than the non-extraction therapy; (2) age does not seem to play a role provided the patients are in the permanent dentition; (3) when Class II division 1 malocclusions are considered, there is evidence that the earlier the orthodontic treatment begins the longer its duration; (4) there is conflicting information regarding treatment duration within public health systems; (5) combined orthodontic-surgical treatment duration is variable and appears to be operator sensitive; (6) various factors, such as the technique employed, the skill and number of operators involved, the compliance of the patients, and the severity of the initial malocclusion, all seem to play a role; and (7) impacted maxillary canines appear to prolong treatment.

/pdf/factors-affecting-the-duration-of-orthodontic-treatment-a-2a1c04tksq.pdf

Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.

In this review, anatomy and physiology of the respiratory mucosa of nose and paranasal sinuses are summarized under the aspect of its clinical significance. Basics of endonasal cleaning including mucociliary clearance and nasal reflexes, as well as defence mechanisms are explained. Physiological wound healing, aspects of endonasal topical medical therapy and typical diagnostic procedures to evaluate the respiratory functions are presented. Finally, the pathophysiologies of different subtypes of non-allergic rhinitis are outlined together with treatment recommendations.

ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/4d/a4/GMS_Curr_Top_Otorhinolaryngol_Head_Neck_Surg_2011_Mar_10_8_Doc03.tar.gz

Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and surgical assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) on nasopharyngeal area. The study group consisted of 30 subjects in the permanent dentition who had both maxillary constriction and a posterior cross-bite. The patients were divided into two groups, RME and SARME. The subjects in the RME group consisted of 15 patients (eight girls, seven boys) whose average age was 12.1 6 1.1 years. The SARME group also consisted of 15 patients (eight boys, seven girls) whose mean age was 18.4 6 1.4 years. An acrylic bonded RME appliance was used in both groups. Surgery was performed using lateral cortical osteotomies in the SARME group. The nasopharyngeal and respiratory area was determined using a digital planimeter on lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and after RME. Nasal cavity width was evaluated on pos- tero-anterior radiographs. Nasal dimension was measured using planimeter measurements of the respiratory and nasopharyngeal areas before and after treatment. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS. Com- parisons within the groups were carried out with paired t-tests and comparisons between the groups were with a Student's t-test. In both groups, the respiratory area and the ratio of the respiratory area to naso- pharyngeal (RA/NA) area increased following RME. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Nasal cavity width and maxillary width also increased, but the difference between the groups was not significant. Following RME, various differences in both the maxilla and surrounding bones occurred and nasal width increased with a decrease in nasal airway resistance. At the end of treatment there were increases in the width of the nasal floor near the midpalatal suture and nasal cavity. As the maxillary structures separated, the outer walls of the nasal cavity moved laterally resulting in an increase in internasal volume. Nasal resistance decreased and respiratory area increased in patients treated with RME. (Angle Orthod 2002;72:118-123.)

Does the Timing and Method of Rapid Maxillary Expansion Have an Effect on the Changes in Nasal Dimensions

The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: A pilot study of five selected practices

Hybrid appliances: a component approach to dentofacial orthopedics.

The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal airway resistance.

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The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: A pilot study of five selected practices

Hybrid appliances: a component approach to dentofacial orthopedics.

The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal airway resistance.