About Supramolecular Assemblies of π-Conjugated Systems

Charge-Transfer and Energy-Transfer Processes in π-Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers: A Molecular Picture

A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

Organic electron-transporting materials are essential for the fabrication of organic p-n junctions, photovoltaic cells, n-channel field-effect transistors, and complementary logic circuits. Rylene diimides are a robust, versatile class of polycyclic aromatic electron-transport materials with excellent thermal and oxidative stability, high electron affinities, and, in many cases, high electron mobilities; they are, therefore, promising candidates for a variety of organic electronics applications. In this review, recent developments in the area of high-electron-mobility diimides based on rylenes and related aromatic cores, particularly perylene- and naphthalene-diimide-based small molecules and polymers, for application in high-performance organic field-effect transistors and photovoltaic cells are summarized and analyzed.

Rylene and related diimides for organic electronics.

The use of Forster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a spectroscopic technique has been in practice for over 50 years. A search of ISI Web of Science with just the acronym "FRET" returns more than 2300 citations from various areas such as structural elucidation of biological molecules and their interactions, in vitro assays, in vivo monitoring in cellular research, nucleic acid analysis, signal transduction, light harvesting and metallic nanomaterials. The advent of new classes of fluorophores including nanocrystals, nanoparticles, polymers, and genetically encoded proteins, in conjunction with ever more sophisticated equipment, has been vital in this development. This review gives a critical overview of the major classes of fluorophore materials that may act as donor, acceptor, or both in a FRET configuration. We focus in particular on the benefits and limitations of these materials and their combinations, as well as the available methods of bioconjugation.

Materials for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis: Beyond Traditional Donor-Acceptor Combinations

The emission color of fluorene-based polymers can be facilely tuned across the whole visible spectrum by copolymerization with perylene dyes. Methods are demonstrated for incorporation of the dyes in the polymer mainchain, at the chain termini, or as side chains. Efficient energy transfer causes the emission to come solely from the dye units. Efficient LEDs have been made from the copolymers with dyes in the mainchain.

Attaching perylene dyes to polyfluorene: three simple, efficient methods for facile color tuning of light-emitting polymers.

We present here a new derivative of poly-p-phenylene (PPP), the poly-2,8-indenofluorene (8a,b), to bridge the gap between 2,7-poly-9,9‘-dialkylfluorene (PF) (2) and ladder-poly-p-phenylene (LPPP) (4). The monomer 7a,b was synthesized starting from 6,12-dihydroindeno[1,2b]fluorene (5), which was four times alkylated, brominated with copper(II) bromide on an aluminum oxide matrix, and polymerized via a Ni(0)-mediated coupling reaction (Mn ∼ (3.3−3.9) × 104 (tuluene, polystyrene standards)). As expected, the wavelength data for absorption and emission are intermediate to those of PF and LPPP and prove the suitability of the polymer to be used as blue-light-emitting material in polymer light-emitting diodes. The polymer 8a,b is stable up to 380 °C and shows thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior at high temperatures (250−300 °C). Oligomers of the 6,6‘,12,12‘-tetraoctylindenofluorene (6a) have been synthesized by Ni(0)-induced coupling of monobromo and dibromo (7a) compounds, to determine the effective conju...

Bridging the gap between polyfluorene and ladder-poly-p-phenylene : Synthesis and characterization of poly-2,8-indenofluorene

End-Functionalization of Poly-(2,7-Fluorene): A Key Step Towards Novel Luminescent Rod-Coil Block Copolymers

Optimisation of polyfluorenes for light emitting applications

Poly‐2,8‐(indenofluorene‐co‐anthracene)—A Colorfast Blue‐Light‐Emitting Random Copolymer

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