A total of 157 clinical samples were collected from different clinical specimens (urine, sputum, blood, swabs, and cannula) from several hospitals in Iraq. Among the samples, 51 isolates (32.48%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified according to morphologicaland cultural characteristics as well as the Enterosystem 18R test. Higher numbers of K. pneumoniae isolates were observed in urine samples (26, 52%) than the other samples, and in females (70.6%) than males (29.4%) (female: male ratio of about 2.4:1). Antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae against 12 commonly used antibiotics was determined through the disc-diffusion method. The results revealed a higher resistance rate in 51 isolates (100%) against Cephalexin, followed by Ceftazidime (50, 98%), while the lowest resistance rate (24, 47%) was against each of Imipenem and Meropenem. Also, the investigation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Colistin using E-test (strips) demonstrated that 33 isolates were resistance, as compared to 31 using the disk diffusion assay. DNA was extracted from K. pneumoniae isolates and molecularly tested using polymerase chain technique (PCR) with a specific primer and 108 bp product to detect the rpoB gene that represents this bacteria . Also, all of the 51 isolates of K. pneumoniae identified by the rpoB gene were detected for the expression of the Colistin drug resistance gene mgr-B , which was amplified (347 bp) using a specific primer. Colistin resistance gene mgr-B was amplified and sequenced from the twenty isolates. Only 6 isolates appeared with a single nucleotide substitution; G instead A, A instead G, C instead G and G instead C. Also, this study tested biofilm formation from K. pneumoniae isolates , using the microtiter plate method, in association with Colistin and Carbapenem resistant. The Colistin and Carbapenem resistance pattern was compared to the ability of biofilm-formation as weak formation versus strong and also, Multi-drug resistant isolates were more common among weak versus strong biofilm formers.

Colistin Susceptibility in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae and their Ability of Biofilm Formation

Background Multidrug resistance Salmonellosis remains an important public health problem globally. The disease is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, but there have been limited recent studies about the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and multidrug resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from various clinical specimens. Objective Aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and multidrug resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from clinical specimens at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, northwestern Ethiopia. Method A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and multidrug resistance patterns of isolated from all clinical specimens at the University of Gondar Salmonella Comprehensive Specialised Hospital from June 1st, 2017 to June 3rd, 2022. A total of 26,154 data points were collected using a checklist of records of laboratory registration. Clinical specimens were collected, inoculated, and incubated for about a week with visual inspection for growth and gram staining. The isolates were grown on MacConkey agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar. Pure colonies were identified with a conventional biochemical test, and those unidentified at the species level were further identified by the analytical profile index-20E. Then, antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The multidrug resistance Salmonella isolates was identified using the criteria set by Magiorakos. Finally, the data was cleaned and checked for completeness and then entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Then the results were displayed using tables and figures. Results Of the total 26,154 Salmonella suspected clinical samples, 41 (0.16%) Salmonella species were isolated. Most of the Salmonella isolates, 19 (46.3%), were in the age group of less than 18 years, followed by the age group of 19–44 years, 11 (26.8%). In this study, S. enterica subsp. arizonae accounts for the highest 21 (51%), followed by S. paratyphi A 9 (22%). Of the Salmonella isolates, S. typhi were highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, each accounting for 83.3%. Furthermore, S. paratyphi A was resistant to ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.9%), and chloramphenicol (88.9%). The overall multi-drug resistance prevalence was 22 (53.7%; 95% CI: 39.7–61). Accordingly, S. paratyphi A was 100% multidrug-resistant, followed by S. typhi (66.6%). Conclusion A low prevalence of Salmonella species was observed in the past six years. Moreover, most S. typhi and S. paratyphi strains in the study area were found to be resistant to routinely recommended antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, compared to what was reported earlier. In addition, all isolates of S. paratyphi A and the majority of S. typhi were multidrug resistant. Therefore, health professionals should consider antimicrobial susceptibility tests and use antibiotics with caution for Salmonellosis management.

Prevalence of multidrug resistance Salmonella species isolated from clinical specimens at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective study

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDRE) continuously pose a threat to global health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Nigeria. Therefore, given the dearth of locally-generated evidence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of MRSA and MDRE with a view to informing local public health research, practice and policy. This was a cross-sectional study of outpatients presenting to three purposively selected healthcare facilities in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Standard microbiological procedures were performed using nasal swabs and urine specimens. The outcome variables were the identification of MRSA and MDRE, defined as the proportion of persons diagnosed as carrying Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, respectively, with these resistant bacterial strains. Descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentages by participant’s characteristics was presented. Two hundred and thirty-three persons participated in this study between January 2021 and July 2021, majority of whom were females (67%) and aged 18-24 (45%). Growth of S. aureus was detected in 55.1% (91) of 165 participants who provided nasal swabs. Of these 91 participants, 91.2% (83/91) were confirmed as carrying MRSA. Additionally, 51.7% (i.e., 89) of the 172 participants who provided urine for culture were positive for E. coli growth, of which 92.1% (82/89) were identified as carrying MDRE. This study recorded a high prevalence of both MRSA and MDRE in the study setting, underlining the need for an urgent preventive public health measure, such as awareness and antimicrobial stewardship promotion.

METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus AND MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Escherichia coli IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA: A CROSS –SECTION STUDY

Enterobacterales is a prevalent order, which inhabits a variety of environments including food. Due to the high similarities between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, their identification might be difficult and laborious, and therefore there is a need for rapid and precise identification. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the available methods of identifying order Enterobacterales strains isolated from fresh fish and shrimps (n = 62). The following methods were used in this study: biochemical, sequencing and identification using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). For this purpose, biochemical identification was performed with the use of the EnteroTest 24N set, while the identification using the MALDI-TOF MS technology was operated on VITEK® MS. Results were compared with identification made by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of the study showed that conventional identification methods might provide a false result. Identification by VITEK® MS to the species level was correct at 70.97%, and the accuracy of EnteroTest 24N identification did not exceed 50.0%. The genus identification reached 90.32% for the MALDI-TOF technique, while for EnteroTest 24N it was nearly 70.0%. Due to errors in identification, especially of pathogenic organisms, the use of each of these methods should be confirmed by another method, preferably sequencing.

/pdf/a-comparison-of-methods-for-identifying-enterobacterales-21oq7m8y.pdf

A Comparison of Methods for Identifying Enterobacterales Isolates from Fish and Prawns

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis which needs surveillance especially in people having close contact with animals.Methods: A total of 120 skin swabs from around the neck region were obtained from human respondents and subjected to bacteriological analyses. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.Results: The results showed that the skin was colonized by Staphylococcus aureus (49.4%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (16.9%), Pantoea spp. (13%), Serratia spp. (13%), Bukholderia cepacian (3%), Enterobacter spp. (3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (1.3%) and Pasteurella aerogenes (1.3%). The CoNS were mostly resistant to gentamycin (100%), clindamycin (84.6%), erythromycin (84.6%) and ciprofloxacin 84.6% and sensitive to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (76.9%). For S. aureus, most isolates were resistant to gentamycin (86.8%), oxacillin (86.8%) and vancomycin (73.7%) but susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (89.5%) amongst other antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance index for S. aureus and CoNS was 0.92 and 0.92, respectively. Respondents aged more than 40 years had higher burden of AMR compared to the other respondents (p = 0.011, OD=1.745). Similarly, the AMR burden was higher in respondents who had previous history of using medication compared to those who had not (p=0.025, OD=0.204).Conclusions: The study showed a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in CoNS and S. aureus isolates from skin of people having regular contacts with dairy cows in the study area. Interventions strategies to stem the emergence of AMR should be undertaken.

/pdf/prevalence-risk-factors-and-antibiogram-of-bacteria-isolated-2w7x86k9.pdf

Prevalence, risk factors and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from skin of human having close contact with dairy cows in small-holder farms in Gatundu Sub-County, Kenya

Objectives : To assess the performance of the API20E bacteria  identification system at a teaching hospital in Kenya. Design : Retrospective study. Setting : The microbiology laboratoryoratory of the Aga Khan University teaching Hospital. Subjects : One thousand six hundred and fifty eight API20E records. Main outcome measures : The accuracy in identifying the bacteria species. Results : One thousand four hundred and forty two (87.6%) isolates had the exact identity, 199 (12%) nearest identity, and seven (0.4%) no identity. The performance varied among the species; Acinetobacter baumanii had 140 (99.3%) isolates with the exact identity and only one (0.7%) with the nearest identity compared with Aeromonas hydrophila which had five (17.2%) with exact and 24 (82.8%) with nearest. Conclusions : The API20E system is a robust bacteria identification method which can serve small and medium clinical microbiology laboratoryoratories that may not afford automated systems. Adhering to the manufacturer’s instructions and good laboratoryoratory practice can improve the  performance of this method.

/pdf/a-five-year-review-of-api20e-bacteria-identification-system-4d8yottdhh.pdf

A five year review of api20e bacteria identification system's performance at a teaching hospital.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

D Maina

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A five year review of api20e bacteria identification system's performance at a teaching hospital.