Auxin-salicylic acid cross-talk ameliorates OsMYB–R1 mediated defense towards heavy metal, drought and fungal stress

The role of bacteria in the development of algae on low-density vinyl was investigated. Unidentified bacterial contaminants in unialgal stock cultures of Phormidium faveolarum and Pleurochloris pyrenoidosa enhanced, by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, colonization of vinyl by these algae, as determined by epifluorescence microscopy counts and chlorophyll a in extracts of colonized vinyl. Colonization by bacteria always preceded that by algae. Scanning electron microscopy of the colonized Phormidium-bacteria mixture revealed the presence of a slime matrix engulfing both bacteria and algae that may have facilitated algal attachment. Slime was not evident in the Pleurochloris-bacteria mixture, suggesting that the attachment mechanisms differ for the two algae.

Bacterial enhancement of vinyl fouling by algae.

Mycorrhiza formed by basidiospores of Tomentella crinalis on Pinus sylvestris

Triblidiaceae is a family of uncommonly encountered, non-lichenized discomycetes. A recent classification circumscribed the family to include Triblidium (4 spp. and 1 subsp.), Huangshania (2 spp.) and Pseudographis (2 spp. and 1 var.). The apothecia of these fungi are persistent and drought-tolerant; they possess stromatic, highly melanized covering layers that open and close with fluctuations of humidity. Triblidialean fungi occur primarily on the bark of Quercus, Pinaceae and Ericaceae, presumably as saprobes. Though the type species of Huangshania is from China, these fungi are mostly known from collections originating from Western Hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. The higher-rank classification of triblidialean fungi has been in flux due in part to an overemphasis on ascospore morphology. Muriform ascospores are observed in species of Triblidium and in Pseudographiselatina. An intense, dark blue/purple ascospore wall reaction in iodine-based reagents is observed in species of Pseudographis. These morphologies have led, in part, to these genera being shuffled among unrelated taxa in Hysteriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Hysteriales) and Graphidaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales). Triblidiaceae has been placed within the monofamilial order Triblidiales (affinity Lecanoromycetes). Here, we demonstrate with a three-gene phylogenetic approach that triblidialean fungi are related to taxa in Rhytismatales (Leotiomycetes). We synonymize Triblidiales under Rhytismatales and emend Triblidiaceae to include Triblidium and Huangshania, with Pseudographis placed within Rhytismataceae. A history of Triblidiaceae is provided along with a description of the emended family. We discuss how the inclusion of triblidialean fungi in Rhytismatales brings some rarely observed or even unique ascospore morphologies to the order and to Leotiomycetes.

https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/35697/download/pdf/

Placement of Triblidiaceae in Rhytismatales and comments on unique ascospore morphologies in Leotiomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota)

Based on molecular and morphological data, we describe and illustrate a new species of the genus Tuber, T. turmericum sp. nov., in this paper. Tuber turmericum is characterized by its turmeric yellow gleba, consistently one-spored asci and pale yellow to yellow globose ascospores. Phylogenetically, the new species belongs to the T. turmericum-group (= japonicum group sensu Kinoshita et al.).

Tuber turmericum sp. nov., a Chinese truffle species based on morphological and molecular data

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the techniques for microscopic preparation. In fungi, as with other organisms, microscopic preparations must be made for the study of detail and for accurate measurements of spores and other structures. The nature of the fungus itself and its host, if any, determine the method to be employed in making the preparation. Thus, internal plant-parasites are often examined by techniques appropriate to the host; external parasites may be embedded in a film of cellulose acetate and stripped off the epidermis of the host. Saprophytic moulds are often grown on the microscope slide on which they are to be examined. The chapter presents the methods particularly suitable for superficial parasites such as Erysiphaceae and Microthyriaceae as well as for saprophytes on leaf surfaces. Although pieces of fungi growing superficially on leaves or other surfaces may be scraped off with a needle and mounted, it is often preferable to remove them in more or less intact sheets. This is easily done either by embedding them in, or sticking them to, transparent films. Slide cultures provide an admirable method for the examination of moulds. In these techniques, the fungus is induced to grow on a small quantity of agar medium on a microscope slide and the agar is then discarded leaving the sporing structures and aerial mycelium more or less firmly adhering to the glass. This is particularly useful for moulds such as Penicillium and Aspergillus, whose conidiophores and chains of conidia are very fragile and do not lend themselves to teasing.

Chapter III Techniques for Microscopic Preparation

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

D.M. Dring

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Chapter III Techniques for Microscopic Preparation