For the research and development (R&D) of wave energy converters (WECs), numerical wave tanks (NWTs) provide an excellent numerical tool, enabling a cost-effective testbed for WEC experimentation, analysis and optimisation. Different methods for simulating the fluid dynamics and fluid structure interaction (FSI) within the NWT have been developed over the years, with increasing levels of fidelity, and associated computational expense. In the past, the high computational requirements largely precluded Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) from being applied to WEC analysis. However, the continual improvement and availability of high performance computing has led to the steady increase of CFD-based NWTs (CNWT) for WEC experiments. No attempt has yet been undertaken to comprehensively review CNWT approaches for WECs. This paper fills this gap and presents a thorough review of high-fidelity numerical modelling of WECs using CNWTs. In addition to collating the published literature, this review tries to make a step towards a best practice guideline for the applications of CFD in the field of wave energy.

/pdf/high-fidelity-numerical-modelling-of-ocean-wave-energy-40v9cfko54.pdf

High-fidelity numerical modelling of ocean wave energy systems: A review of computational fluid dynamics-based numerical wave tanks

The modelling of wave-structure interaction (WSI) has significant applications in understanding natural processes as well as securing the safety and efficiency of marine engineering. Based on the technique of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the open-source simulation framework - OpenFOAM, this paper provides a state-of-the-art review of WSI modelling methods. The review categorises WSI scenarios and suggests their suitable computational approaches, concerning a rigid, deformable or porous structure in regular, irregular, non-breaking or breaking waves. Extensions of WSI modelling for wave-structure-seabed interactions and various wave energy converters are also introduced. As a result, the present review aims to help understand the CFD modelling of WSI and guide the use of OpenFOAM for target WSI problems.

A Review on the Modelling of Wave-Structure Interactions Based on OpenFOAM

An integrated tool for modelling oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters (WEC) in vertical breakwaters

The influence of scale on the air flow and pressure in the modelling of Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters

https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/158088728/Chenetal_Accepted_ValidationPICIN.pdf

Validation of the PICIN solver for 2D coastal flows

Flow characterisation and numerical modelling of OWC wave energy converters

A numerical model based on the OpenFOAM® Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) platform is presented which can support the design optimisation of coastal structures.
Initially, the model’s capability of generating various types of waves is demonstrated. In addition, the model is validated for more complicated wave processes such wave overtopping and loads. The validation is performed through experimental data and empirical prediction comparisons, for a two-dimensional breakwater section with a crown wall. The model has also been applied to a three-dimensional geometry, yielding acceptable results, considering the computational limitations. Results in general follow the trends of the experimental data, and, in the case of wave overtopping, the numerical model performance is significantly better than the empirical predictions.

Coastal structure optimisation using advanced numerical methods

The combined use of both numerical and physical model tests has supported optimisation of the
design of the set-back flood defence wall at the rear of the Hartlepool Town Wall by providing detailed
information on overtopping discharges and design hydrodynamic loads. An extensive physical model
study was performed in one of the wave flumes at HR Wallingford, a series of crest configurations were tested and their performances assessed over a range of wave conditions and water levels. The OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics model was then validated and calibrated by reproducing selected physical model tests and subsequently used to gather further insight in the loading process and assess wave-induced loads for use in the design of the seawall.

Rehabilitation of Hartlepool town wall

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Papers

Flow characterisation and numerical modelling of OWC wave energy converters

Coastal structure optimisation using advanced numerical methods

Rehabilitation of Hartlepool town wall