The accelerating gradient in a RF cavity is limited by many factors such as the surface material properties, RF frequency, the external magnetic field and the gas pressure inside the cavity. In the MuCool Program, RF cavities are studied to understand these basic mechanisms with the aim of improving the maximum stable accelerating gradient of RF cavities in magnetic field. These cavities are being developed for muon ionization cooling channels for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. We report studies using 805 MHz and 201 MHz RF pillbox cavities in the MuCool Test Area (MTA) at Fermilab. New results include data from buttons of different materials mounted in the 805 MHz cavity, a study of the accelerating gradient in the 201 MHz cavity and X-ray background radiation rates from the cavities due to Bremsstrahlung. The 201 MHz cavity has been shown to be stable at 21 MV/m at zero magnetic field, well in excess of its 16 MV/m design gradient. We also discuss results from the 201 MHz cavity operation in magnetic field and introduce the test of E × B effects with the 805 MHz box cavity.

RF Studies at Fermilab MuCool Test Area

The MuCool RF Program focuses on the study of normal conducting RF structures operating in high magnetic field for applications in muon ionization cooling for Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders. This paper will give an overview of the program, which will include a description of the test facility and its capabilities, the current test program, and the status of a cavity that can be rotated in the magnetic field which allows for a more detailed study of the maximum stable operating gradient vs. magnetic field strength and angle.

/pdf/the-mucool-test-area-and-rf-program-2io4w4km0i.pdf

The MuCool Test Area and RF Program

This talk will present arguments that the Neutrino Factory — an extremely intense source of flavor-tagged neutrinos from muon decays in a storage ring — gives the best physics reach for CP violation, as well as virtually all parameters in the neutrino oscillation parameter space. It will describe the physics capabilities of a baseline Neutrino Factory as compared to other possible future facilities (beta-beam and super-beam facilities), give an overview of the accelerator complex, describe the current international R&D program and present a potential time line for the design and construction of the facility. Although the baseline study focuses on a facility with muon energy of 25 GeV, a concept for a Low-Energy (~ 4 GeV) Neutrino Factory has been developed and its physics reach will also be discussed. Finally, it will be shown that a facility of this type is unique in that it can present a physics program that can be staged, addressing exciting new physics at each step. Eventually it can lead to an energy-frontier muon collider. A muon accelerator facility is a natural extension that can exploit the high intensity potential at FNAL starting with Project X.

/pdf/the-neutrino-factory-the-final-frontier-in-neutrino-physics-35gnlpqxi0.pdf

The Neutrino Factory – The Final Frontier in Neutrino Physics?

There is considerable interest in the use of muon beams to create either an intense source of decay neutrinos aimed at a detector located 3000-7500 km away (a Neutrino Factory), or a Muon Collider that produces high-luminosity collisions at the energy frontier. R&D aimed at producing these facilities has been under way for more than 10 years. This paper will review experimental results from MuCool, MERIT, and MICE and indicate the extent to which they will provide proof-of-principle demonstrations of the key technologies required for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. Progress in constructing components for the MICE experiment will also be described.

/pdf/r-d-toward-a-neutrino-factory-and-muon-collider-42nhue4ohm.pdf

R&D Toward a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider

Historically, progress in particle physics has largely been determined by development of more capable particle accelerators. This trend continues today with the recent advent of high-luminosity electron-positron colliders at KEK and SLAC operating as B factories, the imminent commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and the worldwide development effort toward the International Linear Collider. Looking to the future, one of the most promising approaches is the development of muon-beam accelerators. Such machines have very high scientific potential, and would substantially advance the state-of-the-art in accelerator design. A 20-50 GeV muon storage ring could serve as a copious source of well-characterized electron neutrinos or antineutrinos (a Neutrino Factory), providing beams aimed at detectors located 3000-7500 km from the ring. Such long baseline experiments are expected to be able to observe and characterize the phenomenon of charge-conjugation-parity (CP) violation in the lepton sector, and thus provide an answer to one of the most fundamental questions in science, namely, why the matter-dominated universe in which we reside exists at all. By accelerating muons to even higher energies of several TeV, we can envision a Muon Collider. In contrast with composite particles like protons, muons are point particles. This means that the full collision energy is available to create new particles. A Muon Collider has roughly ten times the energy reach of a proton collider at the same collision energy, and has a much smaller footprint. Indeed, an energy frontier Muon Collider could fit on the site of an existing laboratory, such as Fermilab or BNL. The challenges of muon-beam accelerators are related to the facts that i) muons are produced as a tertiary beam, with very large 6D phase space, and ii) muons are unstable, with a lifetime at rest of only 2 microseconds. How these challenges are accommodated in the accelerator design will be described. Both a Neutrino Factory and a Muon Collider require large numbers of challenging superconducting magnets, including large aperture solenoids, closely spaced solenoids with opposing fields, shielded solenoids, very high field (~;40-50 T) solenoids, and storage ring magnets with a room-temperature midplane section. Uses for the various magnets will be outlined, along with R&D plans to develop these and other required components of such machines.

Technical Challenges and Scientific Payoffs of Muon Beam Accelerators for Particle Physics

The MuCool Experiment has been continuing to take data with 805 and 201 MHz cavities in the MuCool Test Area. The system uses rf power sources from the Fermilab Linac. Although the experimental program isprimarily aimed at the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE), we have been studying the dependence of rf limits on frequency, cavity material, high magnetic fields, gas pressure, coatings, etc. with the general aim of understanding the basic mechanisms involved. The 201 MHz cavity, essentially a prototype for the MICE experiment, was made using cleaning techniques similar to those employed for superconducting cavities and operates at its design field with very little conditioning.

/pdf/recent-rf-results-from-the-mucool-test-area-escholarship-58m6u3xnum.pdf

Recent RF Results from the MuCool Test Area - eScholarship

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Recent RF Results from the MuCool Test Area - eScholarship