A review of the influence of environmental humidity and water on friction, lubrication and wear

The tribological behaviour of metal matrix composites containing graphite particles is reviewed. After outlining the processes for the synthesis of these composites, present theoretical understanding pertaining to the friction and wear; of composites in the presence of a thin lubricating film is described. The experimental results show that friction and wear rate in metal matrix—graphite particle composites are significantly reduced compared with those in matrix alloys, as a result of the incorporation of graphite particles. When the graphite content of metal matrix composites exceeds about 20 vol.-%, the friction coefficient approaches that of pure graphite and becomes independent of the matrix alloy. This is an indication of effective intervention of a thin film of graphite between the matrix and the counterface. Initially during sliding, the film of graphite is not present but it forms as a result of surface and subsurface deformation resulting in transfer of graphite to the tribosurface. A dyn...

Tribological properties of metal matrix-graphite particle composites

Hard diamondlike carbon layers have been deposited on silicon by rf plasma deposition using acetylene as working gas. For the first time the dependence of the sliding friction coefficient μ on the water vapor content of a nitrogen atmosphere was measured. An increase of μ with increasing humidity has been found, with μ ranging from 0.01 to 0.19. A steel ball was employed as the friction partner. The wear of the layers has been assessed by measuring their durability during friction experiments. It has been shown, contrary to other publications, that the durability has a maximum in the range 0.5–5.0% of relative humidity.

Frictional properties of diamondlike carbon layers

Model experiments of superlubricity of graphite

A study of mechanisms of graphite friction and wear

A fundamental study of graphite sliding contacts shows that atmospheric concentrations of only a few parts per million of the larger organic molecules are sufficient to prevent the severe wear of graphite which occurs in a dry atmosphere. The experimental results suggest roughly the empirical rule that the minimum relative ``humidity'' of a vapor for effective lubrication decreases logarithmically with chain length in the region 5 to 15 A.

Vapor Lubrication of Graphite Sliding Contacts

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Vapor Lubrication of Graphite Sliding Contacts