Effect of mechanical stirring and temperature on dynamic hydrothermal synthesis of titanate nanotubes

Physicochemical characterisation and investigation of the bonding mechanisms of API-titanate nanotube composites as new drug carrier systems.

Titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) with the chemical composition Na2Ti3O7.nH2O (NaTiNT) were obtained through a hydrothermal method in highly alkaline medium. Protonated titanates nanotubes (H-TiNTs), with the composition H2Ti3O7.nH2O, were prepared by ion exchange reaction through a suspension of Na2Ti3O7nH2O nanotubes in HCl medium, promoting the exchange of Na+ ions by H+. Both Na2Ti3O7.nH2O and H2Ti3O7.nH2O products, as well the TiO2 used as raw material for the nanotubes processing, were used as starting material for the solar cells photoelectrodes sensitized using mesoporphyrin extracted from a precursor of cashew nut shell. Exposing the NaTiNT sample to solar radiation of 1258 W/m2, a short-circuit current density (ISC) of 13 A/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 370 mV were registered and, a current density of 7.6 A/cm2 and a voltage of 256 mV for the prototype cell based on H-TiNTs. A current density of 1.1 A/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 1.6 mV were obtained for the cell using TiO2 as electrode. Keywords: Titanate Nanotubes. Ionic exchange. Mesoporphyrin. Dye-sensitized solar cell.

/pdf/photoelectrodes-with-titanate-nanotubes-sensitized-by-170svatzt2.pdf

Photoelectrodes with titanate nanotubes sensitized by mesoporphyrin derivative from cashew nut shell

Thermal stability of titanate nanotubes (Ti-NT) was studied in temperature range from room temperature up to 1000 °C in three different atmospheres—in air, vacuum and helium—and differences were observed. In air, vacuum and helium, the release of adsorbed and crystal water was detected in temperatures up to 200 °C. Transformation of the initial structure to anatase form of TiO2 was found independently of the atmosphere used. But in air the transformation to anatase occurred at lower temperature. The difference between these atmospheres was approximately 100 °C. However, only in air, the transformation to sodium hexatitanate and rutile form of TiO2 occurred at higher temperatures. In vacuum, only the anatase phase was detected up to 800 °C. In helium, the transformation to rutile was observed but not to sodium hexatitanate. The changes of the initial structure of Ti-NT during the elevation of temperature were studied by combination of in situ powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis and mass spectroscopy.

The effect of different atmospheres on structural changes of titanate nanotubes during heating

Nanoparticles of TiO2 have been the main semiconductor applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. However, with the progress made in the nanotechnology field, new semiconductors with varied morphologic characteristics have been widely investigated. In this chapter, there is a brief review of the synthesis of nanotubes, its different manufacturing techniques, with emphasis on the synthesis of titanate nanotubes and nanoribbons by the alkaline hydrothermal method. In addition, it is discussed some of the main properties that characterize nanotubes, especially the ion exchange process of titanate nanotubes. In this ionic exchange process, it is explained how intercalated ions are obtained on the inner walls of the tubes and the metallic oxides on the external surfaces, along with the several applications of nanotechnology of tubes, ribbons, rods, and others. Finally, among the important applications of nanotechnology, the application of titanate nanostructures in the development of third-generation solar cells is particularly addressed. These materials were deposited on conductive substrate and prepared as the work electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cells.

Titanates Nanotubes and Nanoribbons Applied in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Study of titanate nanotubes by X-ray and electron diffraction and electron microscopy

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Study of titanate nanotubes by X-ray and electron diffraction and electron microscopy