Comme souligne par Mazoyer et Roudart (2002), la mise en place de systemes de polyculture – elevage a permis d’accroitre la productivite des terres cultivees grâce au transfert de fertilite du saltus vers l’ager. Neanmoins, cette association n’a permis des augmentations significatives de rendements que suite au developpement d’une culture attelee lourde. En effet, celle-ci a permis la recolte de fourrages pour maintenir le cheptel en stabulation hivernale. Le fumier produit durant cette phase a alors pu etre transfere sur les terres afin d’y etre enfoui par labour. Suite a la fabrication d’engrais de synthese et au developpement de la traction mecanique, une specialisation des systemes et une dissociation des productions animales et vegetales a, a nouveau, eu lieu parallelement a une forte augmentation de la productivite du travail.

L'élevage, un élément clé pour le maintien de la fertilité de nos systèmes agraires dans le contexte d'une agriculture écologiquement intensive

The effect of four slow acting organic fertilisers (SA : cattle manure, farmyard manure compost, compost of separately collected green refu se and sewage sludge) and three fast acting organic fertilisers (FA : cattle slurry, dee p litter fermentation of pig and poultry droppings) was compared with increasing level of mi neral nitrogen fertilisation (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg N ha -1 y). Applications of fertilisers were performed durin g seven years (19932000), on a permanent grassland from the Eastern pa rt of Belgium. In this paper, we focus our attention on the analysis of the residual effects, observed in 2001, i.e. one year after the last application, on forage yield and plant species occu rrence. Compared to mineral fertilisation of 200 kg N ha y (100%), SA have a better back effect on yield (141% ) than FA (135%). After seven years of application, plant species com p sition was in general better with SA than FA organic fertilisers or mineral fertilisers. So, using SA organic fertilisers, regularly on gras sl nd, secure the productivity even if there’s no fertiliser application during one year.

Residual effects of different organic matters compared with mineral nitrogen on a mown permanent grassland.

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Residual effects of different organic matters compared with mineral nitrogen on a mown permanent grassland.