https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/671684

Differential impact of anthropogenic pressures on Caspian Sea ecoregions

Endemic Caspian Sea mollusks in hotspot and non-hotspot areas differentially affected by anthropogenic pressures

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pan3.10490

Stakeholder consensus suggests strategies to promote sustainability in an artisanal fishery with high rates of poaching and marine mammal bycatch

The Caspian Sea region has hitherto largely been investigated from a New Great Game perspective that depicts the region as a geopolitical battleground between regional and external great powers because of its rich natural resources, strategic location, environmental issues and the legal disagreement. This dissertation, by contrast, looks at the Caspian Sea region through the lens of classical functionalism, which still acknowledges the difficulties and problematic starting situation of power politics in the region. This dissertation, however, seeks to show that there are ways forward by identifying mechanisms and means to transform the New Great Game into functional cooperation. The core aim of this thesis is to portray an alternative image of the Caspian Sea region. The dissertation examines three intertwined case studies, namely the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline (BTC), the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) and the Caspian Environmental Program (CEP).

/pdf/constructive-competition-or-destructive-conflict-in-the-2pdlvmy29s.pdf

Constructive competition or destructive conflict in the Caspian Sea region

The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest landlocked waterbody, providing habitat for hundreds of endemic and migratory species, along with ecosystem services that sustain millions of people. Global warming is projected to drive declines in water levels of up to 21 m by 2100. Using geospatial analyses, we assessed the impact of sea level decline on habitats, protected areas, and human infrastructure. We show that a water level decline of just 5–10 m will critically disrupt key ecosystems (including habitats for endemic Caspian seals and sturgeon), reduce existing marine protected area coverage by up to 94%, and render billions of dollars of civil and industrial infrastructure obsolete. Replacing traditional static conservation planning with a pre-emptive, dynamic approach that allows protected areas to track shifting ecosystems, is recommended to help endemic Caspian Sea biodiversity adapt to these changes, and to avoid conflicts with mitigation efforts directed at protecting human activities. Water level declines of 5−10m in the Caspian Sea will threaten ecosystem integrity, compromise human infrastructure, and reduce marine protected area coverage by 94%, according to bathymetric maps of the Caspian Sea projected under climate change scenarios.

Rapid decline of Caspian Sea level threatens ecosystem integrity, biodiversity protection, and human infrastructure

Caspian biodiversity protection is mainly focused on the recovery of a few valuable commercial species such as beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus), Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt), Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin), Ship Sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky) and stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Pallas) and Caspian Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler) which are currently endangered. Apart from these species, biodiversity change and especially habitats destruction are poorly traced and managed in the region. The Caspian genetic biodiversity is insufficiently known and restocking programmes have hardly taken into consideration the need to protect it.

Management of Caspian Biodiversity Protection and Conservation

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Management of Caspian Biodiversity Protection and Conservation