Piperine in combination with quercetin halt 6-OHDA induced neurodegeneration in experimental rats: Biochemical and neurochemical evidences.

The oral route of administration is associated with some challenges such as poor aqueous solubility and low intestinal permeability of many active pharmaceutical ingredients resulting in decreased drug absorption and subsequent poor bioavailability. In recent years, research on bioenhancers has started receiving increased attention and this approach can complement the traditional methods of solubility enhancement. Bioenhancers boost the bioavailability of drugs when co-administered at low doses with the drug. A large variety of compounds have been clearly demonstrated to possess significant bioenhancing activity with different mechanisms of action. Some compounds considered as bioenhancers isolated from plants include piperine, gallic acid, niaziridine, sinomenine, genistein, and lysergol. There are several reports of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) that require large doses to be therapeutically effective and some studies have identified that the active compounds in such products have poor bioavailability. Thus, there is every need to optimise dosage formulations of HMPs. The application of the concept of bio-enhancement and knowledge of their mechanism of action can lead to the selective use of suitable bioenhancers resulting in reduction in therapeutic dose of the HMP, thus reducing the possibilities of toxicity. This review was aimed at updating knowledge on different natural bioenhancers and also provides an overview of currently marketed HMPs containing bioenhancers. The article highlights different strategies that can be employed to improve the bioavailability of HMPs. The bioactive constituents of the HMP were identified and facts on their physicochemical properties, metabolic fate, as well as factors that impact on their gastrointestinal absorption, were examined with a view to providing information to serve as a guide in developing suitable bioavailability enhancement strategies for other HMPs.

/pdf/appraisal-of-bioenhancers-in-improving-oral-bioavailability-2voowdfhep.pdf

Appraisal of Bioenhancers in Improving Oral Bioavailability: Applications to Herbal Medicinal Products

Medicinal uses of edible and other plants for prevention and cure of obesity and overweight associated metabolic and mental health problems have since long been known to scholars and practitioners of Ayurvedic and other traditionally known system of medicine. Modernized versions of numerous edible plant derived formulations mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts are at present some of the most popular, or best selling, herbal remedies in India and numerous other countries suffering from double burden of diseases caused by malnutrition and obesity. Preclinical and clinical information now available on edible plants and their bioactive constituents justify traditionally known medicinal uses of products derived from them for prevention and cure of obesity associated type-2 diabetes, psychopathologies and other health problems. Such information now available on a few edible Ayurvedic plants and their formulations and suggesting that their stress response regulating effects are involved in their broad spectrums of bioactivity profiles are summarized in this communication. Implications of recent physiological and pharmacological observations made with numerous phytochemicals isolated from edible plants for better understanding of traditionally known medicinal uses of herbal remedies are also pointed out.

http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201518050733425.pdf

Potential of some traditionally used edible plants for prevention and cure of diabesity associated comorbidities

The concept of bioavailability enhancer is new to the modern system of medicine. Basically, this concept originated in Ayurveda and being used in this system of medicine since centuries. Bio-enhancers augment the bioavailability or biological activity of drugs when co-administered with principal drug at low doses. Ayurveda is using several drugs such as Piper longum Linn., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Glycyrhhiza glabra Linn. as bio-enhancers and different methods for bio-enhancing since centuries. The bio-enhancement leads to reduction in therapeutic dose of principal drug, thus reducing the possibilities of toxicity and side effects of drug, potentiating the efficacy, reducing the resistance, decreasing the requirement of raw material for drug manufacture, and ultimately benefitting to the world economy by reducing the treatment cost. This review article attempts to consolidate different drugs as well as methods being used traditionally for enhancing bioavailability in Ayurvedic system of medicine and to discuss their possible mechanism of action. Authentic subject material has been reviewed from different Ayurvedic texts and from different related research and review articles. Thus, it is a humble effort to explore the different aspects of bio-enhancers including therapeutic techniques such as Shodhana, the drugs such as Pippali, and properties such as Yogavahi and Rasayana, which have been described in Ayurveda along with their mechanism of action and uses wherever available.

An appraisal of the bioavailability enhancers in Ayurveda in the light of recent pharmacological advances.

/pdf/bioenhancers-from-mother-nature-an-overview-2i835l7r.pdf

Bioenhancers from mother nature: an overview

Bioenhancers are such agents, which by themselves are not therapeutic entities but when combined with an active drug lead to the potentiation of the pharmacologic effect of the drug. Such formulations have been found to increase the bioavailability / bioefficacy of a number of drugs even when reduced doses of drugs are present in such formulations. Evidence have been obtained for such classes of drugs which are (a) poorly bioavailable and/or efficacious, (b) require prolonged therapy, and (c) are highly toxic and expensive. These are phytomolecules development of which is based on ancient knowledge of Ayurveda. They augment the bioavailability or biological activity of drugs when administered at low doses. They reduce the dose; shorten the treatment period thus reducing drug-resistance problems. The treatment is made cost effective, minimizing drug toxicity and adverse reactions. When used in combination with number of drug classes such as antibiotics, antituberculosis, antiviral, antifungal and anticancerous drugs they are quite effective. Oral absorption of vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, amino acids and other nutrients are improved by them. They act through several mechanisms which may affect mainly absorption process, drug metabolism or action on drug-target.

A review on bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin

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A review on bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin