A review of approaches for classifying benthic habitats and evaluating habitat quality.

Sedimentation is a widespread and increasing process on most rocky coasts. The literature on its effects is reviewed and support is found for the general conclusion that sedimen- tation is an important ecological factor for hard bottom organisms. Sediments deeply affect the composition, structure and dynamics of rocky coast assemblages, and increased sediment load as a consequence of anthropogenic activities can be a threat to their diversity and functioning. Sediments that accumulate on rocky substrata are important agents of stress and disturbance. They can cause burial, scour and profound modifications to the characteristics of the bottom surface, and interact with other important physical and biological processes. The effects of sedi- mentation are complex, because they involve both direct outcomes on settlement, recruitment, growth or survival of individual species and indirect outcomes through mediation of competitive and/or predator-prey interactions. Not all species and assemblages are equally affected by sedi- mentation and responses vary over space and time, depending on the characteristics of the depo- sitional environment, life histories of species and the stage of development of individuals and assemblages, and in relation to variable physical factors, including hydrodynamics, light intens- ity and bottom topography. Recent studies have much improved our ability to detect and under- stand the effects of sedimentation on rocky coast assemblages. However, little is still known about the underlying mechanisms. Overall, our present ability to make generalisations and pre- dictions is limited by a paucity of quantitative and experimental research, and by the scant atten- tion devoted to measuring the regime of perturbation by sediments and responses of organisms at relevant spatial and temporal scales. Predicting the magnitude of the effects that different sed- imentation regimes have on rocky coast organisms and the critical levels above which detrimen- tal effects become manifest remains a key issue for the ecology of rocky coasts and a challenge for future studies.

/pdf/the-effects-of-sedimentation-on-rocky-coast-assemblages-3q5jc2s5yj.pdf

The effects of sedimentation on rocky coast assemblages

Towards a classification of organic enrichment in marine sediments based on biogeochemical indicators.

Benthic impacts of fish farming: Meta-analysis of community and geochemical data

http://ecite.utas.edu.au/141411/1/141411%20-%20Identifying%20the%20consequences%20of%20ocean%20sprawl%20for%20sedimentary%20habitats.pdf

Identifying the consequences of ocean sprawl for sedimentary habitats

Two methods of environmental monitoring proposed for the salmon mariculture industry are compared and contrasted on the basis of scientific and cost-effectiveness criteria: a technique based on macrofaunal community structure and one using process-oriented sediment geochemistry. For this purpose, field sampling was confined to one salmon farm and a nearby reference site in the Bay of Fundy. Both methods produced significant differences between farm and reference sites, as well as meeting other appropriate scientific criteria. The geochemical method was based on field measurements of sedimentary Eh, by redox electrode, and sedimentary sulphide after fixing the sediment in a sulphur anti-oxidant buffer and ion analyses with Ag/Ag sulphide and combination reference electrode. Both measures can be completed in the field from the sampling vessel. Results suggested that the geochemical method was of significantly lower cost than the technique based on macrofaunal community structure. This is because of the lengthy laboratory time required to determine the identity and abundance of macrofaunal taxa. Both methods can categorize the sedimentary organic impact as normal, oxic, hypoxic, or anoxic, which depends ultimately on the dominant microflora present. This, in turn, depends on the rate of carbon reaching the sediment, as well as its utilization by biological and physical processes.

Cost-effective monitoring of organic enrichment resulting from salmon mariculture

M. Holmer: Institute of Biology, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; P. Lassus: Departement Microbiologie et Phycotoxines, IFREMER BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03 France; J. E. Stewart: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P O Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 4A2; D. J. Wildish (corresponding author): Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, 531 Brandy Cove Road, St Andrews, NB, Canada E5B 2L9; tel: 506 529 8854; fax: 506 529 5862; e-mail: wildishd@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

/pdf/ices-symposium-on-environmental-effects-of-mariculture-3andvcoluw.pdf

ICES Symposium on Environmental Effects of Mariculture

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Cost-effective monitoring of organic enrichment resulting from salmon mariculture

ICES Symposium on Environmental Effects of Mariculture