Landslides in a changing climate

In this chapter, two different types of impacts on human and ecological systems are examined: (i) impacts of extreme weather and climate events; and (ii) extreme impacts triggered by less-than-extreme weather or climate events (in combination with non-climatic factors, such as high exposure and/or vulnerability). Where data are available, impacts are examined from sectoral and regional perspectives.

/pdf/changes-in-impacts-of-climate-extremes-human-systems-and-32ik7nm6rv.pdf

Changes in impacts of climate extremes: Human systems and ecosystems

Plants alter their environment in a number of ways. With correct management, plant communities can positively impact soil degradation processes such as surface erosion and shallow landslides. However, there are major gaps in our understanding of physical and ecological processes on hillslopes, and the application of research to restoration and engineering projects. To identify the key issues of concern to researchers and practitioners involved in designing and implementing projects to mitigate hillslope instability, we organized a discussion during the Third International Conference on Soil Bio- and Eco-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability, Vancouver, Canada, July 2012. The facilitators asked delegates to answer three questions: (i) what do practitioners need from science? (ii) what are some of the key knowledge gaps? (iii) what ideas do you have for future collaborative research projects between practitioners and researchers? From this discussion, ten key issues were identified, considered as the kernel of future studies concerning the impact of vegetation on slope stability and erosion processes. Each issue is described and a discussion at the end of this paper addresses how we can augment the use of ecological engineering techniques for mitigating slope instability. We show that through fundamental and applied research in related fields (e.g., soil formation and biogeochemistry, hydrology and microbial ecology), reliable data can be obtained for use by practitioners seeking adapted solutions for a given site. Through fieldwork, accessible databases, modelling and collaborative projects, awareness and acceptance of the use of plant material in slope restoration projects should increase significantly, particularly in the civil and geotechnical communities.

/pdf/ecological-mitigation-of-hillslope-instability-ten-key-16r1mjga6q.pdf

Ecological mitigation of hillslope instability: ten key issues facing researchers and practitioners

Footprints of air pollution and changing environment on the sustainability of built infrastructure.

Seasonal cycles of soil water content cause shrinking and swelling in clay soils, which can in turn contribute to strain-softening and progressive slope failure. This paper presents and analyses si...

/pdf/factors-controlling-the-seasonal-variation-in-soil-water-40hlolqgi7.pdf

Factors controlling the seasonal variation in soil water content and pore water pressures within a lightly vegetated clay slope

https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/11345347/EcologicalEngPaper_AuthorSubmission_27Nov2012_1_.pdf

Managing the extent of tree removal from railway earthwork slopes

Climate interacts with infrastructure slopes and their associated vegetation to cause changes in porewater pressures and shear strength with time. Extreme events may ultimately lead to slope failure as a result of increases in porewater pressure and/or decreases in strength. In addition, certain weather conditions may also cause serviceability problems owing to excessive movements. This paper uses network-level studies of infrastructure earthwork performance, site-specific data and numerical modelling to explore the relationships between climate, geological conditions and the performance of the UK9s earthworks. Key factors for understanding earthwork behaviour are identified, including plasticity and permeability. How climate change may affect UK infrastructure slopes is then considered, assessing how different failure mechanisms may become more prevalent in the future and hence the relative risk at different sites may change.

The impact of climate and climate change on infrastructure slopes, with particular reference to southern England

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Managing the extent of tree removal from railway earthwork slopes

The impact of climate and climate change on infrastructure slopes, with particular reference to southern England