Recent studies suggest that large-scale variation in nearshore primary productivity may strongly influence the dynamics of rocky intertidal communities. Among the hypothesized effects is a link between phytoplankton abundance and the growth of barnacles and other suspension feeders. We tested the strength of this association on the central coast of Oregon, USA, by quantifying water- column chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration and the growth of 2 intertidal barnacles (Balanus glandula and Chthamalus dalli). Barnacles were photographed at 13 d intervals on mid-intertidal growth plates attached in wave-exposed and wave-protected habitats at 2 sites differing in nearshore pro- ductivity: Strawberry Hill (SH) and Boiler Bay (BB), Oregon. B. glandula grew more rapidly in wave- exposed areas than wave-protected habitats, presumably because higher flows delivered more food to passively feeding barnacles. After several months, individuals of both species attained a larger size at SH, the site with consistently higher chl a concentrations. Surprisingly, short-term growth rates only partially matched spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton. Growth rates were low dur- ing a persistent upwelling event, and increased 2- to 3-fold during the subsequent upwelling relax- ation. At SH, this increase coincided with a major phytoplankton bloom, but growth rates remained high well after chl a concentrations decreased. Moreover, parallel increases in growth were observed at BB, despite the fact that no bloom was recorded at this site. These results imply that factors other than phytoplankton contributed to variation in barnacle growth. Records of barnacle settlement sug- gest that water-column concentrations of larvae increased dramatically at both sites during the period of high barnacle growth. Published analyses of stomach contents indicate that zooplankton may be an important food source in other barnacle species. Yet another factor, water temperature, was also elevated during the period of sustained barnacle growth. Increased barnacle growth during the upwelling relaxation may thus have arisen from the combined benefits of more phytoplankton, more zooplankton, and warmer water temperatures. Incorporating the influence of zooplankton and water temperature into studies of bottom-up influences may improve our ability to explain variation among intertidal communities.

/pdf/spatial-and-temporal-variation-in-barnacle-growth-in-a-2n864hzrp9.pdf

Spatial and temporal variation in barnacle growth in a coastal upwelling system

Four methods were used in dating micro-growth bands in the intertidal gastropods Littorina littorea, Patella vulgata and Nucella lapillus. One of the methods employed, immersion in 2.25 x 10 -4 M acetazolamide, was always successful in producing a stress band by inhibiting shell growth, but in Littorina littorea and Nucella lapillus the inhibition persisted for several days after treatment and reduced the number of bands subse­quently laid down. A surface check mark associated with an internal stress band could be made in a percentage of all three species if they were kept at 3°C for 3–4 days. However, this treatment was damaging to Nucella lapillus . The most reliable method for dating the bands without appreciably interrupting subsequent shell deposition was to remove mechanically a thin layer from the outer lip of the shell or to keep the animals in sea water with ample food for 36 h to produce an abnormally wide shell increment. When the last two methods were used and the number of bands from the check band to the growing edge were counted in peels of sectioned and etched shells, the number agreed within 1% with the number of low waters that the animals had experienced.

Tidal Micro-Growth Bands in Intertidal Gastropod Shells, with an Evaluation of Band-Dating Techniques

Microgrowth patterns in the shell of the Malaysian cockle Anadara granosa (L.) and their use in age determination

Casas Grandes, or Paquime, is located in the northwestern portion of Chihuahua, approximately 150 km south of the border between the United States and Mexico (Figure 1). Paquime is the largest site within a vast region that contained a substantial number of people prehistorically. Early explorers were intrigued with the grandiose nature of the site (Bandelier 1892:575; Bartlett 1854, Vol. 2; Hammond and Rey 1928:205–206), and modern excavation has shown it to be one of the most complex sites within far northwestern Mesoamerica or the Southwest (Di Peso 1974). The architectural features and artifacts recovered from Casas Grandes are very impressive and represent a level of social sophistication that is unsurpassed.

Marine Shell Exchange in Northwest Mexico and the Southwest

Potential fishery for the Gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes polymerus (Sowerby, 1833) in British Columbia

Young specimens of Elminius modestus Darwin, were marked by treatment with calcium and strontium-enriched sea water, allowed to grow in the intertidal environment, and marked again. The number of growth bands laid down coincided with the number of tidal immersions. Strontium is not readily incorporated into the shell, even when its concentration in the external environment is greatly increased.

Tidally-produced internal bands in the shell of Elminius modestus

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Tidally-produced internal bands in the shell of Elminius modestus