General solution of Bateman equations for nuclear transmutations

Ultra-violet absorption spectra of a total of twenty-two saturated organic iodides and bromides were extensively measured in several polar and nonpolar solvents, in order to clarify the nature of long wavelength bands characteristic of these compounds having lone pair electrons. The results show that the absorption bands appear at about 260 and 200 mμ for alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides, respectively. The oscillator strengths were calculated with LCAO MO and AO approximations for the n → σ* transitions as well as for the first Rydberg transitions of the various alkyl bromides and iodides. Comparison of the calculated and experimental results indicated that the longest wavelength absorption bands for the alkyl halides are not due to the Rydberg transition but due to the n → σ* transition, as suggested by Mulliken. The f-values calculated by the aid of AO approximation were in better agreement with the corresponding experimental values than those by the LCAO method. A sharp strong band around 1940 A was assigned to the first Rydberg transition from the comparison of experimental and calculated oscillator strengths for ethyl iodide chosen as an example. 
 
Solvent effect, as well as, alkylation effect on the ultra-violet absorption bands was investigated for the compounds. It was found that the n → σ* bands show a blue shift with the increase of solvent polarity and show a red shift in the order of the primary, secondary and tertiary alkylations of the carbon atom attached to iodine. 
 
Absorption spectra of methylene iodide and iodoform, which may be resolved to give four individual bands, were successfully interpreted in terms of the appropriate combination of upper and lower orbitals splitted by mutual interactions between the iodine atoms in these compounds.

n→σ* absorption spectra of saturated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine.

Development of the MCNPX depletion capability: A Monte Carlo linked depletion method that automates the coupling between MCNPX and CINDER90 for high fidelity burnup calculations

Radioxenon isotopes are considered as possible indicators for detecting and discriminating underground nuclear explosions. To monitor and sample the release of radioxenon isotopes, both independent and chain-reaction yields need to be considered together with multiphase transport in geological systems from the detonation point to the ground surface. For the sake of simplicity, modeling of radioxenon isotopic radioactivities has typically been focused either on chain reactions in a batch reactor without considering multiphase transport or on radionuclide transport with simplified reactions. Although numerical methods are available for integrating coupled differential equations of complex decay networks, the stiffness of ordinary differential equations due to greatly differing decay rates may require substantial additional effort to obtain solutions for the fully coupled system. For this reason, closed-form solutions for sequential reactions and numerical solutions for multiparent converging and multidaughter branching reactions were previously developed and used to simulate xenon isotopic radioactivities in the batch reactor mode. In this paper, we develop a fully coupled numerical model, which involves tracking 24 components (i.e., 22 radionuclide components plus air and water) in two phases to enhance model predictability of simultaneously simulating xenon isotopic transport and fully coupled chain reactions. To validate the numerical model and verify the corresponding computer code, we derived closed-form solutions for first-order xenon reactions in a batch reactor mode and for single-gas phase transport coupled with the xenon reactions in a one-dimensional column. Finally, cylindrical 3-D simulations of two-phase flow within a dual permeability fracture-matrix medium, simulating the geohydrologic regime of an underground nuclear explosion, indicate the existence of both a strong temporal and spatial dependence of xenon isotopic ratios sampled at the surface. In the example presented here, temporally evolving subsurface xenon isotopic ratios are found to migrate across the discrimination line delineating civilian nuclear activities from an underground nuclear explosion in the KALINOWSKI Multi-Isotope Ratio Chart.

Radioxenon Production and Transport from an Underground Nuclear Detonation to Ground Surface

Stiffness in radioactive decay chains

Numerical solution of Bateman systems

Kinetic aspects of the photolysis of in-station airborne methyl iodide

SOURCE a computer code for fission-product partitioning and release from fuel

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Stiffness in radioactive decay chains

Numerical solution of Bateman systems

Kinetic aspects of the photolysis of in-station airborne methyl iodide

SOURCE a computer code for fission-product partitioning and release from fuel