https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/bitstream/20.500.11754/110830/1/Heavy%20metals%20in%20food%20crops%20Health%20risks%2c%20fate%2c%20mechanisms%2c%20and%20management.pdf

Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management

Field accumulation risks of heavy metals in soil and vegetable crop irrigated with sewage water in western region of Saudi Arabia

Accumulation of heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables irrigated with waste water and their daily intake to adults and children, District Mardan, Pakistan

Use of industrial and wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries because of scarcity of good-quality irrigation water Wastewaters contain plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern The present study was undertaken on the long-term impact of irrigation with treated sewage water for growing vegetables and the potential health risk associated with consumption of such vegetable Treated sewage water (TSW), groundwater (GW), soil and plant samples were collected from peri urban vegetable growing areas of Northern India (Varanasi) and analysed to assess the long-term effect of irrigation with TSW on Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb build-up in soils and its subsequent transfer into commonly grown vegetable crops Results indicate that TSW was richer in essential plant nutrients but contained Cd, Cr and Ni in amounts well above the permissible limits for its use as irrigation water Long-term application of TSW resulted in significant build-up of total and DTPA extractable Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb over GW irrigated sites TSW also resulted in slight lowering in pH, increase in organic carbon (16 g kg − 1) and cation exchange capacity (52 cmol kg − 1) The tissue metal concentration and relative efficiency of transfer of heavy metals from soil to plant (transfer factor) for various groups of vegetables were worked out Radish, turnip and spinach were grouped as hyper accumulator of heavy metals whereas brinjal and cauliflower accumulated less heavy metals Health risk assessment by consumption of vegetables grown with TSW indicated that all the vegetables were safe for human consumption However, significant accumulation of these heavy metals in soil and plant needs to be monitored

Effect of long-term application of treated sewage water on heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in northern India.

Ingestion of raw vegetables represented an important mean of transmission of several infectious diseases. No previous surveys have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic contaminati...

Detection of parasites in commonly consumed raw vegetables

The present study was conducted to determine the heavy metal contamination in soil with accumulation in edible parts of plants and their subsequent changes in biochemical constituents due to wastewater irrigation. Though the wastewater contains low levels of the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, and Cr), the soil and plant samples show higher values due to accumulation. The trend of metal accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Fe > Pb > Mn > Cr > Cd. Of the three species Colocasia esculentum, Brassica nigra, and Raphanus sativus that are grown, the order of total heavy metal accumulation in roots is Raphanus sativus > Colocasia esculentum, while in shoots the order is Brassica nigra > Colocasia esculentum > Raphanus sativus. The enrichment factor (EF) of the heavy metals in contaminated soil is in the sequence of Cd (3) > Mn (2.7) > Cr (1.62) > Pb (1.46) > Fe (1.44), while in plants EF varies depending upon the species and plant part. C. esculentum and R. sativus show a higher EF for Cr and Cd. All plants show a high transfer factor (TF > 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant whereas the TF values for Pb are very low as it is not bioavailable. Results of the biochemical parameters show decrease in total chlorophyll and total amino acid levels in plants and an increase in amounts of soluble sugars, total protein, ascorbic acid, and phenol except B. nigra for protein in plants grown in soil irrigated with wastewater as compared to control site.

Effect of wastewater irrigation on vegetables in relation to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biochemical changes.

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Effect of wastewater irrigation on vegetables in relation to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biochemical changes.