https://cds.cern.ch/record/216886/files/CM-P00062445.pdf

Probing the desert using gauge coupling unification

Nucleon decay in the minimal supersymmetric SU(5) grand unification

We make a detailed analysis on the nucleon decay in the minimal supersymmetric $SU(5)$ grand unified model. We find that a requirement of the unification of three gauge coupling constants leads to a constraint on a mass $M_{H_C}$ of color-triplet Higgs multiplet as $2 \times 10^{13}~\GeV \leq M_{H_C} \leq 2 \times 10^{17}~\GeV$, taking both weak- and GUT-scale threshold effects into account. Contrary to the results in the previous analyses, the present experimental limits on the nucleon decay turn out to be consistent with the SUSY particles lighter than 1~TeV even without a cancellation between matrix elements contributed from different generations, if one adopts a relatively large value of $M_{H_C}$ ($\ge2\times 10^{16}~\GeV$). We also show that the Yukawa coupling constant of color-triplet Higgs multiplet does not necessarily blow up below the gravitational scale ($2.4\times10^{18}~\GeV$) even with the largest possible value of $M_{H_C}$. We point out that the no-scale model is still viable, though it is strongly constrained.

Nucleon Decay in the Minimal Supersymmetric $SU(5)$ Grand Unification

We present an improved result for the lattice computation of the proton decay matrix elements in Nf=2+1 QCD. In this study, by adopting the error reduction technique of all-mode-averaging, a significant improvement of the statistical accuracy is achieved for the relevant form factor of proton (and also neutron) decay on the gauge ensemble of Nf=2+1 domain-wall fermions with mπ=0.34–0.69  GeV on a 2.7  fm3 lattice, as used in our previous work [1]. We improve the total accuracy of matrix elements to 10–15% from 30–40% for p→πe+ or from 20–40% for p→Kν¯. The accuracy of the low-energy constants α and β in the leading-order baryon chiral perturbation theory (BChPT) of proton decay are also improved. The relevant form factors of p→π estimated through the “direct” lattice calculation from the three-point function appear to be 1.4 times smaller than those from the “indirect” method using BChPT with α and β. It turns out that the utilization of our result will provide a factor 2–3 larger proton partial lifetime than that obtained using BChPT. We also discuss the use of these parameters in a dark matter model.

Improved lattice computation of proton decay matrix elements

Hadronic matrix elements of proton decay are essential ingredients to bridge the grand unification theory to low energy observables like proton lifetime. In this paper we non-perturbatively calculate the matrix elements, relevant for the process of a nucleon decaying into a pseudoscalar meson and an anti-lepton through generic baryon number violating four-fermi operators. Lattice QCD with 2+1 flavor dynamical domain-wall fermions with the direct method, which is direct measurement of matrix element from three-point function without using chiral perturbation theory, are used for this study to have good control over the error due to lattice discretization effects, operator renormalization, and chiral extrapolation. The relevant form factors for possible transition process from an initial proton or neutron to a final pion or kaon induced by all types of three quark operators are obtained through three-point functions of (nucleon)-(three-quark operator)-(meson) with physical kinematics. In this study all the relevant systematic uncertainties of the form factors are taken into account for the first time, and the total error is found to be the range 30%–40% for π and 20%–40% for K final states.

Proton decay matrix elements on the lattice

Nucleon wave functions from lattice-gauge theories: Measurements of baryonic operators

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Nucleon wave functions from lattice-gauge theories: Measurements of baryonic operators