or soluble material from them blockade the host cells, interference may be a potent factor in the production or non-production of high titre antisera. The question of spacing of doses of staphylococcus vaccine or other antigen in the production of hyperimmune sera is reopened. Our results (see Table I) make it clear that a slowly developing and durable type of immunity in mice can follow the injection of a vaccine containing living _staphylococci. It remains to be proved whether or not 'similar protection can be afforded with a killed vaccine.

Prognostic signs in surgical induction of labour.

Interference immunity produced by pertussis vaccine to pertussis infection in mice.

The synthesis of smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in relation to mouse virulence and resistance to serum bactericidal activity in vitro and to rapid intravenous clearance in vivo was studied in Salmonella typhimurium by using a virulent [median lethal dose (LD 50 ) = 10 2 ], smooth, and genetically marked strain, a uridinediphosphogalactose epimerase-deficient mutant of it which was, therefore, rough, and a derivative of the mutant made smooth again by acquisition of the galactose-positive genes of Escherichia coli . The mutant was of reduced virulence (LD 50 = 10 6 ) but the smooth derivative regained the virulence character typical of the parent. The non-smooth phenotype also made the mutant, but not the smooth relatives (parent and derivative), susceptible to serum bactericidal activity and also to rapid intravenous clearance by phagocytosis by the liver. The mutant was similarly treated by germ-free mice (expected to be relatively free of opsonizing antibodies). The clearance of the mutant could be impaired by prior intravenous inoculation of homologous bacteria or their LPS but was reversible by preopsonization of the second inoculum with nonimmune mouse serum, suggesting that the initial inoculum preempted the opsonizing antibodies. Independent evidence of clearance specificity was also provided in mixed inoculum experiments on impaired mice by the rapid clearance of an antigenically unrelated heptose-deficient mutant while maintaining the decelerated clearance of the epimerase mutant. The latter, however, was converted to accelerated clearance by the intravenous inoculation during the impaired state of anti-epimerase mutant immune mouse serum.

Uridinediphosphogalactose-4-Epimerase Deficiency in Salmonella typhimurium and Its Correction by Plasmid-Borne Galactose Genes of Escherichia coli K-12: Effects on Mouse Virulence, Phagocytosis, and Serum Sensitivity

Indem die Herausgeber in dem mir zugeteilten Thema die beiden Bezeichnungen „Resistenz“ und „Immunitat“ gleichgeschaltet und ungestaffelt nebeneinander stellten, brachten sie schon zum Ausdruck, das sie das Wort Resistenz nicht in seiner weitesten Bedeutungsmoglichkeit innerhalb der Biologie verstanden wissen wollten. Es sollte also nicht etwa Widerstandsfahigkeit eines Organismus gegen eine Noxe ganz allgemein bedeuten; denn dann ware ja Immunitat nur ein eng umschriebener Unterabschnitt eines so weit gefasten Resistenzbegriffes.

Resistenz und Immunität

The specific precocious protective action of tetanus toxoid.

The ability of pertussis vaccine to produce in mice specific immunity of a type not associated with antibody production.

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The ability of pertussis vaccine to produce in mice specific immunity of a type not associated with antibody production.