The Comparative Physiology of Diving in Vertebrates

Comparative functional properties of mitochondria from seal and dog hearts.

Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses a study to investigate cardiac adaptations in diving seals. Experimental dives in harbor and spotted seals produced prompt sinus bradycardia, which was fully developed in 10 to 15 s and persisted throughout the diving episode. Heart rate declined to 14% of the predive rate (mean of three seals, 20 beats/min during diving). Sinus rhythm and supraventricular extrasystoles were occasionally observed. Aortic pressures remained essentially unchanged during dives except for the much reduced rate of decline of pressure during the prolonged diastoles. Contractility, estimated from intraventricular dP/dtmax, decreased by an average value of 43% early in the dives and remained unchanged, recovering only in the first one or two minutes after termination of the dive. The results of these experiments showed that the ratio of endocardial to epicardial perfusion was unaltered, even in prolonged diving, indicating that the seal's heart maintained its functional integrity and was not ischemic, despite its low blood flow, throughout the dives. Resting myocardial flow values were similar to those observed in dogs. Ventricular perfusion declined from an average of 150 to 24 ml/min 100 g.

Cardiac adaptations in diving seals1

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Cardiac adaptations in diving seals1