The tailoring of nanostructures by the use of vapor deposition techniques opens up new opportunities to engineer innovative materials and devices in different fields, including optoelectronics and biomaterials This review elucidates recent advances in the understanding of heteroepitaxy exemplifying the growth of copper on Ni(100) and the growth of para-hexaphenyl on GaAs Although copper on nickel belongs to the simplest systems, unprecedented morphologies arise, such as ramified islands on a square lattice and strain relief by internal faceting The elongated para-hexaphenyl crystallites formed on GaAs(001) exhibit a polarized blue light emission, which is a basis for developing organic diode lasers Anisotropic thin film morphologies are also realized by oblique incidence deposition of noncentrosymmetric organic molecules onto amorphous substrates Using the frequency doubling of light, it has been demonstrated for the first time that the films not only are anisotropic but also exhibit a preferential orientation of the molecules Germanium nanopyramids epitaxially grown on Si(001) provide evidence that a well-defined nanopatterned substrate alters the contact angles of water, the protein adsorption and activity, as well as the cell behavior These results are a milestone in structural biocompatibility on the nanometer scale

Natural formation of nanostructures: from fundamentals in metal heteroepitaxy to applications in optics and biomaterials science

Morphological and structural investigation of the early stages of epitaxial growth of α-Fe2O3 (0001) on α-Al2O3 (0001) by oxygen-plasma-assisted MBE

Strain relaxation and surface morphology of nickel oxide nanolayers

Methanol partial oxidation on Cu Zn thin films grown on Ni(1 0 0) surface

We report that for epitaxial ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}}_{60}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{40}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}(001)$ and for Cu/Ni/Cu(001) structures, the in-plane lattice parameter ${(a}_{\mathrm{in}})$ for Cu increases with increasing Cu overlayer thickness. For the Cu/Ni(30 \AA{})/Cu/Ni/Cu(001) structures, the value of ${a}_{\mathrm{in}}$ of the 30-\AA{} Ni film directly depends on ${a}_{\mathrm{in}}$ of the Cu underlayer. Magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements on a ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}}_{60}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{40}(001)$ structure reveal an increase in the magnetoelastic anisotropy with increasing Cu spacer layer thickness and, surprisingly, suggest no significant difference between the interface anisotropy of the Ni-Cu and the ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}}_{60}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{40}$ interface. The stronger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for Cu/Ni/Cu(001) structures compared to ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}}_{60}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{40}/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}(001)$ is therefore attributed to an increased magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution.

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and strain in N i / C u / N i 60 Cu 40 / Cu ( 001 )

A comparative STM and SPA-LEED study on the evolution of strain induced stripe pattern on Cu/Ni(100)

The study of insulating films is possible also with electrons, as soon as the charging up of the surface and the electron damage are avoided. Thin epitaxial films do not charge up, as long as the thickness is less than about 5 nm. Therefore the epitaxy of several insulating films could be studied using the spot profile analysis of low energy electron diffraction (SPA-LEED). The results show special features of growth, which are described as elastic bending of the growing films. For this phenomenon defects of the substrate or special growth conditions may be decisive. The features may be enhanced due to the strong binding within the ionic film compared to the weaker bonding to the substrate. Point defects are generated in NaCl films by electron bombardment with an energy over about 30 V. Since these defects have an electronic transition (color centers), they are easily quantitatively measured with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Therefore their effect on the background intensity of the elastic scattering has been studied quantitatively for the first time.

Epitaxial Insulating Films

The epitaxial growth of Mg adlayers deposited on Pd(100) and Ag(100) has been studied by Spot Profile Analysing Low Energy Electron Diffraction (SPA-LEED). Above room temperature Mg grows with c(2×2) structure on both substrates in the submonolayer range. Attenuated intensity oscillations of the (00) beam observed for this temperature range demonstrate that the Mg film grows in the multi layer growth mode at low temperature. For Pd(100) oscillations have been found up to 450K. On the other hand measuring simultaneously the specular (00) and the (1/21/2) spot shows that the growth mode changes for Mg/Ag(100) with increasing temperature. For intermediate temperatures Mg forms 3D islands on top of a pseudomorphic layer while Mg desorbs even from the pseudomorphic layer for high temperature deposition. Therefore, we observe an equilibrium between adsorption and desorption of Mg atoms under growth conditions.

Epitaxial Growth of MG on PD(100) and AG(100): Growth Modes for Complete and Incomplete Adlayer Condensation

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Papers

A comparative STM and SPA-LEED study on the evolution of strain induced stripe pattern on Cu/Ni(100)

Epitaxial Insulating Films

Epitaxial Growth of MG on PD(100) and AG(100): Growth Modes for Complete and Incomplete Adlayer Condensation